Java线程池(3)- JUC Executors 源码分析

4、JUC Executors 使用&源码分析

未完待续，写作中…

1、JUC里有几种线程池？各自的使用场景？

FixedThreadPool

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
  return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
  return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                 new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                                 threadFactory);
}

CachedThreadPool

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
                                  threadFactory);
}

SingleThreadExecutor

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
   return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
static class FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        extends DelegatedExecutorService {
	FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
        super(executor);
    }
    protected void finalize() {
        super.shutdown();
    }
}

4.1、简单使用线程池

public class FixedThreadPoolTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        for (int i = 0; i<6; i++) {
            executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    ThreadUtils.sleep(1000);
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3),创建一个拥有 固定数量线程 的线程池。

4.1.1、Executors、ExecutorService命名

我初学JUC 线程池的时候，很不能理解，为什么要用 Executors 这个命名的工具类来创建线程池？ 线程池为什么还是ExecutorService 接口的实现类？

不知道大家有没有这个疑惑？

线程池的作用是干嘛的？单纯的线程池没什么意义，执行任务才是线程池存在的意义。所以从执行任务这个角度来看，使用 Executors 和 ExectutorService 两个命名就显得合情合理了！！

ThreadPoolExecutor 源码

NO.	项目	二进制
A	CAPACITY	0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B	~CAPACITY	1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1	RUNNING(-1)	1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2	SHUTDOWN(0)	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3	STOP(1)	0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4	TIDYING(2)	0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5	TERMINATED(3)	1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
 private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; }

int的前3位表示 状态，通过与~CAPACITY进行与运算可以取得（~CAPACITY 的前三位为全1）
int的后29位表示 线程数量，通过与CAPACITY进行与运算可以取得（CAPACITY 的后29位为全1）

点击参考：反码 & 为什么使用反码

java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor#execute源码：

public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        
        int c = ctl.get();
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))// 新增工作线程
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        // 当前 "线程池处于RUNNING状态",则 "添加当前任务到任务队列"
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(commxand)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false); 
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
    retry:
    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);
        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
            ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
               firstTask == null &&
               ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
            return false;

        for (;;) {
            int wc = workerCountOf(c);
            if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                return false;
            if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                break retry;
            c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
            if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                continue retry;
            // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
        }
    }

    boolean workerStarted = false;
    boolean workerAdded = false;
    Worker w = null;
    try {
        w = new Worker(firstTask);
        final Thread t = w.thread;
        if (t != null) {
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
            mainLock.lock();
            try {
                // Recheck while holding lock.
                // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                // shut down before lock acquired.
                int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                    (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                    if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                        throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                    workers.add(w);
                    int s = workers.size();
                    if (s > largestPoolSize)
                        largestPoolSize = s;
                    workerAdded = true;
                }
            } finally {
                mainLock.unlock();
            }
            if (workerAdded) {
                t.start();
                workerStarted = true;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        if (! workerStarted)
            addWorkerFailed(w);
    }
    return workerStarted;
}

⭐️ addWorker(command, true) 上面时候返回 false ?

1、JUC里有几种线程池？各自的使用场景？

1、fixed（固定数量的线程）；
使用 固定数量的线程 & 无界队列 来处理你提交的任务，只有指定数量的线程来处理任务。
这些线程都处于运行中时提交任务，任务需要放入无界队列中等待处理。

2 、cached（线程数量不固定，无论来多少任务都是不停的创建线程来执行，如果线程空闲了一定的时间，就会释放掉这个线程）；

3 、single（线程池里就只有一个线程）

4、scheduled（提交进去的线程，会在指定的时间过后才去执行）

最最常见的线程池就是fixed线程池，线程数量是固定的，不会超过这个数量的线程，就执行你不断提交的任务