LVM逻辑卷介绍与操作

LVM结构

名称	介绍
PE	每一个物理卷被划分的可以被LVM寻址的最小单元，默认为4MB
PV	LVM中物理的磁盘分区
VG	LVM中的物理
LV	LVM中的逻辑卷
LE	逻辑卷被划分的可被寻址的基本单元，同一卷组中，LE大小与PE大小相同

相关命令

PV

pvcreate：创建pv        
pvs：查看pv信息
pvdisplay：查看pv的详细信息
pvremove： 移除物理卷  
pvmove：将硬盘上的数据转移到其他硬盘上
pvscan：在系统中扫描硬盘，列出找到的物理卷列表

pvscan相关选项：

-e:仅显示属于卷组的物理卷
-n:仅显示不属于任何卷组的物理卷
-s:短格式输出
-u:显示UUID

vg

vgcreate :创建卷组  -s :指定PE大小
vgextend:向卷组中添加成员
vgreduce：从卷组中删除成员
vgremove：删除卷组
vgs   vgdisplay：查看卷组信息
vgrename：更改改卷组名称
vgchange：改变卷组的工作状态
vgexport：导出卷组
vgimport：导入卷组

lv

lvcreate:创建逻辑卷
lvextent:扩展逻辑卷大小
lvreduce:缩减逻辑卷大小
lvrename:更改逻辑卷名称
lvs  lvdisplay：查看lv信息
lvremove:删除逻辑卷
lvconvert:恢复快照且恢复后删除快照

lvcreat相关选项：

-n:指定名称
-L:指定容量大小
-L +n(K,M,G):增加容量n(K,M,G)
-l:用PE数量指定大小
-l +:增加PE个数
-s:创建快照
-p:设置只读属性

快照

快照要和lv在同一vg，当变化量大于快照大小，快照失效

LVM实操

创建逻辑卷

创建PV

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.

创建VG

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate yourvg /dev/{sdb1,sdb2}
  Volume group "yourvg" successfully created

创建LV

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n part -L 200M yourvg
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/yourvg/part at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/yourvg/part.
  Logical volume "part" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n yourlv -L 200M yourvg
  Logical volume "yourlv" created.

创建文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/yourvg/part
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载part ，查看信息

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/yourvg/part /mnt/part
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        10G  2.1G  8.0G  21% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  475M     0  475M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs       497M  126M  372M  26% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/yourvg-part ext4      190M  1.5M  177M   1% /mnt/part

LV在线扩容

lv扩容 刷新文件系统 查看信息

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +200M /dev/yourvg/part
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/yourvg/part
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        10G  2.1G  8.0G  21% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  475M     0  475M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs       497M  126M  372M  26% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/yourvg-part ext4      384M  2.3M  362M   1% /mnt/part

LV缩减

卸载逻辑卷 使用e2fsck -f 强制检测逻辑卷的空余空间

[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/part
[root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/yourvg/part
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/yourvg/part: 32/98800 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 18875/409600 blocks

重置文件系统大小

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/yourvg/part 200M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/yourvg/part to 204800 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/yourvg/part is now 204800 blocks long.

缩减逻辑卷大小

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/yourvg/part 200M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/yourvg/part to 204800 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/yourvg/part is now 204800 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L -200M /dev/yourvg/part
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 200.00 MiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce yourvg/part? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume yourvg/part changed from 400.00 MiB (100 extents) to 200.00 MiB (50 extents).
  Logical volume yourvg/part successfully resized.

删除逻辑卷

卸载分区

[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/part

删除LV

[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/yourvg/part
Do you really want to remove active logical volume yourvg/part? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "part" successfully removed

删除VG

[root@localhost ~]# vgremove yourvg
Do you really want to remove volume group "yourvg" containing 1 logical volumes? [y/n]: y
Do you really want to remove active logical volume yourvg/yourlv? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "yourlv" successfully removed
  Volume group "yourvg" successfully removed

删除PV

[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully wiped.

快照

创建快照，指定大小和名称

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 10M -s -n cosplaypart /dev/yourvg/part
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 12.00 MiB
  Logical volume "cosplaypart" created.

查看分区内容，创建新文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/part/
lost+found  tao
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/part/ddd
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/part/
ddd  lost+found  tao

卸载分区，恢复快照

[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/part
[root@localhost ~]# lvconvert --merge /dev/yourvg/cosplaypart
  Merging of volume yourvg/cosplaypart started.
  yourvg/part: Merged: 100.00%

挂载且查看分区内容

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/yourvg/part /mnt/part
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/part/
lost+found  tao

此时快照已被自动删除