HDU 4417 Super Mario 划分树 + 二分

题目：http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=4417

题意：给定一个数组，下标从0开始，然后有一定数量的询问，问给定区间内小于等于给定值得个数

思路：二分枚举第k小值，小于等于给定值时就更新结果为k，二分完毕后输出结果即可

PS：话说当时正在宿舍看这道题，突闻系主任要点名，撒腿就跑，终于及时赶到。。。听所谓企业宣讲时想这道题，首先想到的枚举中位数，可不就是二分么。。。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;
struct node
{
    int l, r;
}s[N*4];
int n, m;
int arr[N], arrs[N], cut[20][N], seg[20][N];
void build(int d, int l, int r, int k)
{
    s[k].l = l, s[k].r = r;
    if(l == r) return;
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1, cnt = mid - l + 1, lb = l, rb = mid + 1;
    for(int i = l; i <= mid; i++)
        if(arrs[i] < arrs[mid]) cnt--;
    for(int i = l; i <= r; i++)
    {
        if(i == l) cut[d][i] = 0;
        else cut[d][i] = cut[d][i-1];
        if(seg[d][i] == arrs[mid])
        {
            if(cnt)
                cnt--, cut[d][i]++, seg[d+1][lb++] = seg[d][i];
            else seg[d+1][rb++] = seg[d][i];
        }
        else if(seg[d][i] < arrs[mid])
            cut[d][i]++, seg[d+1][lb++] = seg[d][i];
        else seg[d+1][rb++] = seg[d][i];
    }
    build(d + 1, l, mid, k << 1);
    build(d + 1, mid + 1, r, k << 1|1);
}
int query(int d, int l, int r, int x, int k)
{
    if(s[k].l == s[k].r) return seg[d][s[k].l];
    int mid = (s[k].l + s[k].r) >> 1, ls, lss;
    if(l == s[k].l) ls = 0, lss = cut[d][r];
    else ls = cut[d][l-1], lss = cut[d][r] - ls;
    if(x <= lss) return query(d + 1, s[k].l + ls, s[k].l + ls + lss - 1, x, k << 1);
    else return query(d + 1, mid + 1 + l - s[k].l - ls, mid + 1 + r - s[k].l - ls - lss, x - lss, k << 1|1);
}
int main()
{
    int t, a, b, c, x = 0;
    scanf("%d", &t);
    while(t--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d", arr + i);
            seg[0][i] = arrs[i] = arr[i];
        }
        sort(arrs + 1, arrs + 1 + n);
        build(0, 1, n, 1);

        printf("Case %d:\n", ++x);
        while(m--)
        {
            scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
            a++, b++; /*给定的数组和区间都是下标0开始的，我按1开始，因此加1*/
            int l = 1, r = b - a + 1, res = 0;
            while(l <= r)
            {
                int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
                int tmp = query(0, a, b, mid, 1);
                if(tmp > c) r = mid - 1;
                else l = mid + 1, res = mid;
            }
            printf("%d\n", res);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}