题目源自于C++数据结构第二版课本
7*7的迷宫
实现代码如下:
Position类:
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Position
{
public:
int row;//矩阵 行
int col;//矩阵 列
public:
Position();
Position(int r,int c);
~Position();
bool operator== (Position &P);
void operator= (Position &P);
friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& output,Position &P);
friend istream& operator>> (istream& input,Position &P);
};
Position::Position()
{}
Position::Position(int r,int c)
{
row = r;
col = c;
}
Position::~Position()
{}
bool Position::operator== (Position &P)
{
return ((row == P.row && col == P.col) ? true : false);
}
void Position::operator= (Position &P)
{
row = P.row;
col = P.col;
}
ostream& operator<< (ostream& output,Position &P)
{
output<<"("<<P.row<<","<<P.col<<")" ;
return output;
}
istream& operator>> (istream& input,Position &P)
{
input>>P.row>>P.col ;
return input;
}
下面是Find类
#include <iostream>
#include "Position.h"
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
int m=7;
int n=7;
int grid[9][9];
int indexcount=0;
/*struct Position
{
int row;
int col;
};*/
void showPath()
{
for(int i=0; i<9; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<9; j++)
cout<<grid[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
}
cout<<"------------------"<<endl;
}
bool FindPath(Position start,Position finish,int &PathLen,Position *&path)
{
//计算从起点位置start到目标位置finish的最短布线路径,找到最短布线路//径则返回true,否则返回false
if((start.row==finish.row) && (start.col==finish.col))
{
PathLen=0;
cout<<"start=finish"<<endl;
return true;
} //start=finish
//设置方格阵列“围墙”
//初始化图,-1为未访问
for(int i=1; i<8; i++)
{
for(int j=1; j<8; j++)
grid[i][j]=-1;
}
//添加阻挡点
grid[1][3]=-2;
grid[2][3]=-2;
grid[2][4]=-2;
grid[3][5]=-2;
grid[4][4]=-2;
grid[4][5]=-2;
grid[5][5]=-2;
for(int i=0; i<= m+1; i++)
grid[0][i]=grid[n+1][i]=-2; //顶部和底部
for(int i=0; i<= n+1; i++)
grid[i][0]=grid[i][m+1]=-2; //左翼和右翼
//初始化相对位移
cout<<"完整图"<<endl;
showPath();
Position offset[4];
offset[0].row=0;
offset[0].col=1;//右
offset[1].row=1;
offset[1].col=0;//下
offset[2].row=0;
offset[2].col=-1;//左
offset[3].row=-1;
offset[3].col=0;//上
int NumOfNbrs=4;//相邻方格数
Position here,nbr;
here.row=start.row;
here.col=start.col;
grid[start.row][start.col]=0;
//标记可达方格位置
cout<<"电路布线之前的情况:"<<endl;
showPath();
queue<Position> Q;
do //标记相邻可达方格
{
for(int I=0; I<NumOfNbrs; I++)
{
nbr.row=here.row + offset[I].row;
nbr.col=here.col + offset[I].col;
if(grid[nbr.row][nbr.col]==-1)
{
//该方格未被标记
//cout<<grid[nbr.row][nbr.col]<<endl;//显示路标值
grid[nbr.row][nbr.col]=grid[here.row][here.col]+1;
//cout<<nbr.col<<" "<<nbr.row<<endl;//显示坐标
if((nbr.row==finish.row) &&(nbr.col==finish.col)) break; //完成布线
Q.push(nbr);
}
}
//是否到达目标位置finish?
if((nbr.row==finish.row)&&(nbr.col==finish.col)) break;//完成布线
//活结点队列是否非空?
if(Q.empty()) return false;//无解
here = Q.front();
//cout<<here.col<<" "<<here.row<<endl;
Q.pop();//取下一个扩展结点
}while(true);
//构造最短布线路径
PathLen=grid[finish.row][finish.col];
path=new Position[PathLen];
//从目标位置finish开始向起始位置回溯
here=finish;
for(int j=PathLen-1; j>=0; j--)
{
path[j]=here;
//找前驱位置
for(int i=0; i<NumOfNbrs; i++)
{
nbr.row=here.row+offset[i].row;
nbr.col=here.col+offset[i].col;
if(grid[nbr.row][nbr.col]==j)
{
// cout<<j<<endl;
break;
}
}
here=nbr;//向前移动
}
return PathLen;
}
下面是实现主函数
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include "Position.h"
#include "Find.h"
using namespace std;
int main(){
Position start;
start.row=3;
start.col=2;
cout<<"布线起点为:"<<endl;
cout<<start.row<<" "<<start.col<<endl;
Position finish;
finish.row=4;
finish.col=6;
cout<<"布线结束点为:"<<endl;
cout<<finish.row<<" "<<finish.col<<endl;
int PathLen=0;
Position *path;
FindPath(start,finish,PathLen,path);
cout<<"电路布线之后的情况:"<<endl;
showPath();
cout<<"最短路径为:"<<endl;
for(int i=0; i<PathLen; i++)
{
cout<<path[i].row<<" "<<path[i].col<<endl;
}
cout << "布线问题解决啦!" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}