在stackoverflow发了个帖子问这个问题(http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5870537/whats-the-difference-between-django-onetoonefield-and-foreignkey),马上就有人回复了:
说是ForeignKey是one-to-many的,并举了一个车的例子:
有两个配件表,一个是车轮表,另一个是引擎表。两个表都有一个car字段,表示该配件对应的车。
对于车轮来说,多个对应一个car的情况很正常,所以car字段应该用ForeignKey来表示。
对于引擎来说,一个引擎只可能对应一个car,所以必须用OneToOneField。
OneToOneField(someModel) 可以理解为 ForeignKey(SomeModel, unique=True)。
两者的反向查询是有差别的:
ForeignKey反向查询返回的是一个列表(一个车有多个轮子)。
OneToOneField反向查询返回的是一个模型示例(因为一对一关系)。
另外的补充说明:
Be careful to realize that there are some differences between OneToOneField(SomeModel)
andForeignKey(SomeModel, unique=True)
. As stated in The Definitive Guide to Django:
OneToOneField
A one-to-one relationship. Conceptually, this is similar to a
ForeignKey
withunique=True
, but the "reverse" side of the relation will directly return a single object.
In contrast to the OneToOneField
"reverse" relation, a ForeignKey
"reverse" relation returns aQuerySet
.
Example
For example, if we have the following two models (full model code below):
-
Car
model usesOneToOneField(Engine)
-
Car2
model usesForeignKey(Engine2, unique=True)
From within python manage.py shell
execute the following:
OneToOneField
Example
>>> from testapp.models import Car, Engine
>>> c = Car.objects.get(name='Audi')
>>> e = Engine.objects.get(name='Diesel')
>>> e.car
<Car: Audi>
ForeignKey
with unique=True
Example
>>> from testapp.models import Car2, Engine2
>>> c2 = Car2.objects.get(name='Mazda')
>>> e2 = Engine2.objects.get(name='Wankel')
>>> e2.car2_set.all()
[<Car2: Mazda>]
Model Code
from django.db import models
class Engine(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=25)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Car(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=25)
engine = models.OneToOneField(Engine)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Engine2(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=25)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Car2(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=25)
engine = models.ForeignKey(Engine2, unique=True)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
转自:http://www.redicecn.com/html/blog/Django/2011/0503/271.html