Java 核心技术 卷II 高级特性 第5章数据库编程

5.1 JDBC的设计

5.1.1 JDBC驱动程序类型

5.1.2 JDBC的典型用法

5.2 结构化查询语言

5.3 JDBC配置

5.3.1 数据库URL

5.3.2 驱动程序JAR文件

5.3.3 启动数据库

5.3.5 连接到数据库

package test;

import java.nio.file.*;
import java.sql.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program tests that the database and the JDBC driver are correctly configured.
 * @version 1.02 2012-06-05
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class TestDB
{
   public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
   {
      try
      {
         runTest();
      }
      catch (SQLException ex)
      {
         for (Throwable t : ex)
            t.printStackTrace();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Runs a test by creating a table, adding a value, showing the table contents, and removing 
    * the table.
    */
   public static void runTest() throws SQLException, IOException
   {
      
      try (Connection conn = getConnection();
         Statement stat = conn.createStatement())
      {
         stat.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE Greetings (Message CHAR(20))");
         stat.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO Greetings VALUES ('Hello, World!')");

         try (ResultSet result = stat.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Greetings"))
         {
            if (result.next())
               System.out.println(result.getString(1));
         }
         stat.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE Greetings");
      }
   }

   /**
    * Gets a connection from the properties specified in the file database.properties.
    * @return the database connection
    */
   public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException, IOException
   {
      Properties props = new Properties();
      try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("database.properties")))
      {
         props.load(in);
      }
      String drivers = props.getProperty("jdbc.drivers");
      if (drivers != null) System.setProperty("jdbc.drivers", drivers);
      String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
      String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
      String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");

      return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
   }
}

5.4 使用JDBC语句

5.4.1 执行SQL语句

5.4.2 管理连接、数据、结果集

5.5 执行查询操作

5.5.1 预备语句

package query;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates several complex database queries.
 * @version 1.30 2012-06-05
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class QueryTest
{
   private static final String allQuery = "SELECT Books.Price, Books.Title FROM Books";

   private static final String authorPublisherQuery = "SELECT Books.Price, Books.Title"
         + " FROM Books, BooksAuthors, Authors, Publishers"
         + " WHERE Authors.Author_Id = BooksAuthors.Author_Id AND BooksAuthors.ISBN = Books.ISBN"
         + " AND Books.Publisher_Id = Publishers.Publisher_Id AND Authors.Name = ?"
         + " AND Publishers.Name = ?";

   private static final String authorQuery
      = "SELECT Books.Price, Books.Title FROM Books, BooksAuthors, Authors"
         + " WHERE Authors.Author_Id = BooksAuthors.Author_Id AND BooksAuthors.ISBN = Books.ISBN"
         + " AND Authors.Name = ?";

   private static final String publisherQuery
      = "SELECT Books.Price, Books.Title FROM Books, Publishers"
         + " WHERE Books.Publisher_Id = Publishers.Publisher_Id AND Publishers.Name = ?";


   private static final String priceUpdate = "UPDATE Books " + "SET Price = Price + ? "
         + " WHERE Books.Publisher_Id = (SELECT Publisher_Id FROM Publishers WHERE Name = ?)";

   private static Scanner in;
   private static ArrayList<String> authors = new ArrayList<>();
   private static ArrayList<String> publishers = new ArrayList<>();
   
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
   {
      try (Connection conn = getConnection())
      {
         in = new Scanner(System.in);
         authors.add("Any");
         publishers.add("Any");
         try (Statement stat = conn.createStatement())
         {
            // Fill the authors array list
            String query = "SELECT Name FROM Authors";
            try (ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery(query))
            {
               while (rs.next())
                  authors.add(rs.getString(1));
            }
               
            // Fill the publishers array list
            query = "SELECT Name FROM Publishers";
            try (ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery(query))
            {
               while (rs.next())
                  publishers.add(rs.getString(1));
            }
         }
         boolean done = false;
         while (!done)
         {
            System.out.print("Q)uery C)hange prices E)xit: ");
            String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
            if (input.equals("Q"))
               executeQuery(conn);
            else if (input.equals("C"))
               changePrices(conn);
            else 
               done = true;
         }
      }
      catch (SQLException e)
      {
         for (Throwable t : e)
            System.out.println(t.getMessage());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Executes the selected query.
    * @param conn the database connection
    */
   private static void executeQuery(Connection conn) throws SQLException
   {
      String author = select("Authors:", authors);
      String publisher = select("Publishers:", publishers);
      PreparedStatement stat;
      if (!author.equals("Any") && !publisher.equals("Any"))
      {
         stat = conn.prepareStatement(authorPublisherQuery);
         stat.setString(1, author);
         stat.setString(2, publisher);
      }
      else if (!author.equals("Any") && publisher.equals("Any"))
      {
          stat = conn.prepareStatement(authorQuery);
          stat.setString(1, author);
      }
      else if (author.equals("Any") && !publisher.equals("Any"))
      {
          stat = conn.prepareStatement(publisherQuery);
          stat.setString(1, publisher);
      }
      else
         stat = conn.prepareStatement(allQuery);
      
      try (ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery())
      {
         while (rs.next())
            System.out.println(rs.getString(1) + ", " + rs.getString(2));
      }
   }

   /**
    * Executes an update statement to change prices.
    * @param conn the database connection
    */
   public static void changePrices(Connection conn) throws SQLException
   {
      String publisher = select("Publishers:", publishers.subList(1, publishers.size()));
      System.out.print("Change prices by: ");
      double priceChange = in.nextDouble();
      PreparedStatement stat = conn.prepareStatement(priceUpdate);
      stat.setDouble(1, priceChange);
      stat.setString(2, publisher);
      int r = stat.executeUpdate();
      System.out.println(r + " records updated.");
   }
   
   /**
    * Asks the user to select a string.
    * @param prompt the prompt to display 
    * @param options the options from which the user can choose
    * @return the option that the user chose
    */
   public static String select(String prompt, List<String> options)
   {
      while (true)
      {
         System.out.println(prompt);     
         for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++)
            System.out.printf("%2d) %s%n", i + 1, options.get(i));
         int sel = in.nextInt();
         if (sel > 0 && sel <= options.size())
            return options.get(sel - 1);
      }      
   }

   /**
    * Gets a connection from the properties specified in the file database.properties.
    * @return the database connection
    */
   public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException, IOException
   {
      Properties props = new Properties();
      try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("database.properties")))
      {
         props.load(in);
      }

      String drivers = props.getProperty("jdbc.drivers");
      if (drivers != null) System.setProperty("jdbc.drivers", drivers);
      String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
      String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
      String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");

      return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
   }
}

5.5.2 读写LOB

5.9 事务

5.9.1 用JDBC对事务进行编程

5.9.2 保存点

5.9.3 批量更新