[CryptoHack] MATHEMATICS-MODULAR MATH Write-Up

MATHEMATICS-MODULAR MATH目录

1. Quadratic Residues

2. Legendre Symbol

3. Modular Square Root

4. Chinese Remainder Theorem

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1. Quadratic Residues

推荐视频 Quadratic Residues

即,a^2>p时,  (a^2-x)是p的倍数 (当a^2<p时, x = a^2)

 (这里的mp代指p的倍数)

例子：

p=7
a += 1 
1^2 = 1 (mod 7) # 1<7, x=a^2=1
2^2 = 4 (mod 7) # 4<7, x=a^2=4
3^2 = 2 (mod 7) # 9>7, x=a^2-p*1=2
4^2 = 2 (mod 7) # 16>7, x=a^2-p*2=2
5^2 = 4 (mod 7) # 25>7, x=a^2-p*3=4
6^2 = 1 (mod 7) # 36>7, x=a^2-p*5=1
# 1,2,4 are Quadratic Residue of 7
# 3,5,6 are Quadratic Non-Residue of 7

题：

given:
p = 29
ints = x = [14,6,11]
find a^2, get a (always have two a values: +a and -a)

原理：

a^2 = 6 + 29*2 = 64
a= 8, -8
flag = 8

代码：

p = 29
ints = [14,6,11]
print(min(x for x in range(p) if pow(x,2,p) in ints)) #8

2. Legendre Symbol