目录
表结构
学生表如下:
CREATE TABLE `t_student` (
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`t_id` int DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学科id',
`score` int DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '分数',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
数据如下:
题目一:获取每个科目下前五成绩排名(允许并列)
允许并列情况可能存在如4、5名成绩并列情况,会导致取前4名得出5条数据,取前5名也是5条数据。
SELECT
s1.*
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score < s2.score
GROUP BY
s1.id
HAVING
COUNT( s2.id ) < 5
ORDER BY
s1.t_id,
s1.score DESC
ps:取前4名时
分析:
1.自身左外连接,得到所有的左边值小于右边值的集合。以t_id=1时举例,24有5个成绩大于他的(74、64、54、44、34),是第6名,34只有4个成绩大于他的,是第5名......74没有大于他的,是第一名。
SELECT
*
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score < s2.score
2. 把总结的规律转换成SQL表示出来,就是group by 每个student 的 id(s1.id),Having统计这个id下面有多少个比他大的值(s2.id)
SELECT
s1.*
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score < s2.score
GROUP BY
s1.id
HAVING
COUNT( s2.id ) < 5
3. 最后根据 t_id 分类,score 倒序排序即可。
题目二:获取每个科目下最后两名学生的成绩平均值
取最后两名成绩
SELECT
s1.*
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score > s2.score
GROUP BY
s1.id
HAVING
COUNT( s1.id )< 2
ORDER BY
s1.t_id,
s1.score
并列存在情况下可能导致筛选出的同一t_id 下结果条数大于2条,但题目要求是取最后两名的平均值,多条平均后还是本身,故不必再对其处理,可以满足题目要求。
分组求平均值:
SELECT
t_id,AVG(score)
FROM
(
SELECT
s1.*
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score > s2.score
GROUP BY
s1.id
HAVING
COUNT( s1.id )< 2
ORDER BY
s1.t_id,
s1.score
) tt
GROUP BY
t_id
结果:
分析:
1. 查询出所有t1.score>t2.score 的记录
SELECT
s1.*,s2.*
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score > s2.score
2. group by s.id 去重,having 计数取2条
3. group by t_id 分别取各自学科的然后avg取均值
题目三:获取每个科目下前五成绩排名(不允许并列)
SELECT
*
FROM
(
SELECT
s1.*,
@rownum := @rownum + 1 AS num_tmp,
@incrnum :=
CASE
WHEN @rowtotal = s1.score THEN
@incrnum
WHEN @rowtotal := s1.score THEN
@rownum
END AS rownum
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score > s2.score,
( SELECT @rownum := 0, @rowtotal := NULL, @incrnum := 0 ) AS it
GROUP BY
s1.id
ORDER BY
s1.t_id,
s1.score DESC
) tt
GROUP BY
t_id,
score,
rownum
HAVING
COUNT( rownum )< 5
分析:
1.引入辅助参数
SELECT
s1.*,
@rownum := @rownum + 1 AS num_tmp,
@incrnum :=
CASE
WHEN @rowtotal = s1.score THEN
@incrnum
WHEN @rowtotal := s1.score THEN
@rownum
END AS rownum
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score > s2.score,
( SELECT @rownum := 0, @rowtotal := NULL, @incrnum := 0 ) AS it
2.去除重复s1.id,分组排序
SELECT
s1.*,
@rownum := @rownum + 1 AS num_tmp,
@incrnum :=
CASE
WHEN @rowtotal = s1.score THEN
@incrnum
WHEN @rowtotal := s1.score THEN
@rownum
END AS rownum
FROM
student s1
LEFT JOIN student s2 ON s1.t_id = s2.t_id
AND s1.score > s2.score,
( SELECT @rownum := 0, @rowtotal := NULL, @incrnum := 0 ) AS it
GROUP BY
s1.id
ORDER BY
s1.t_id,
s1.score DESC
3.GROUP BY t_id, score, rownum 然后 HAVING 取前5条不重复的
ROW_NUMBER()函数版
必要条件:MySQL版本 8.0+
row_number() OVER ([PARTITION BY COL1] ORDER BY COL2)
表示根据COL1分组,在分组内部根据 COL2排序,而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号(组内连续的唯一的)。
select * from (SELECT
*,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY t_id ORDER BY score DESC) top
FROM
student
)t where top<=5