Linux C编程--fork()详解

在Linux系统下学习一个系统函数最好的方法就是阅读其源码，首先，给出fork函数的源码

/*
*  linux/kernel/fork.c
*                                //－－fork()用于创建子进程
*  (C) 1991  Linus Torvalds
*/
/*
*  'fork.c' contains the help-routines for the 'fork' system call
* (see also system_call.s), and some misc functions ('verify_area').
* Fork is rather simple, once you get the hang of it, but the memory
* management can be a bitch. See 'mm/mm.c': 'copy_page_tables()'
*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <asm/segment.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
                                //－－写页面验证，若页面不可写，则复制页面
extern void write_verify(unsigned long address);
long last_pid=0;
                                //－－进程空间区域写前验证函数
void verify_area(void * addr,int size)
{
    unsigned long start;
    start = (unsigned long) addr;
    size += start & 0xfff;
    start &= 0xfffff000;
    start += get_base(current->ldt[2]);        //－－逻辑地址到线性地址的转换
    while (size>0) {
        size -= 4096;
        write_verify(start);
        start += 4096;
    }
}
int copy_mem(int nr,struct task_struct * p)        //－－复制内存页表
{                                                //－－由于采用写时复制技术，这里只复制目录和页表项，不分配内存
    unsigned long old_data_base,new_data_base,data_limit;
    unsigned long old_code_base,new_code_base,code_limit;
    code_limit=get_limit(0x0f);                    //－－取段限长
    data_limit=get_limit(0x17);
    old_code_base = get_base(current->ldt[1]);
    old_data_base = get_base(current->ldt[2]);
    if (old_data_base != old_code_base)
        panic("We don't support separate I&D");
    if (data_limit < code_limit)
        panic("Bad data_limit");
    new_data_base = new_code_base = nr * TASK_SIZE;
    p->start_code = new_code_base;
    set_base(p->ldt[1],new_code_base);
    set_base(p->ldt[2],new_data_base);
    if (copy_page_tables(old_data_base,new_data_base,data_limit)) {        //－－复制页表
        free_page_tables(new_data_base,data_limit);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    return 0;
}
/*
*  Ok, this is the main fork-routine. It copies the system process
* information (task[nr]) and sets up the necessary re