DAY27--learning English

一、积累

1.nasty

2.sick leave

3.moisture

4.lotion

5.durable

6.eliminate

7.knead

8.fatigue

9.massage

10.lash

11.staple

12.scrap

13.mighty

14.sleek

15.caddy

16.adhensive

17.dim

18.lint

19.sponge

20.ceramic

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二、练习

1.牛津原译

Nasty adj.  /ˈnɑːsti/ ( nas·tiernas·ti·est)

1. very bad or unpleasant

   • a nasty accident

   • The news gave me a nasty shock.

   • I had a nasty feeling that he would follow me.

   • He had a nasty moment when he thought he'd lost his passport.

   • This coffee has a nasty taste.

   • Don't buy that coat—it looks cheap and nasty.

2. unkind; unpleasant

   SYN: mean

   • to make nasty remarks about sb

   • the nastier side of her character

   • to have a nasty temper

   • Don't be so nasty to your brother.

   • That was a nasty little trick.

   • Life has a nasty habit of repeating itself.

3. dangerous or serious

   • a nasty bend

   • a nasty injury

4. offensive; in bad taste

   • to have a nasty mind

   • nasty jokes

IDIOMS

1. GET/TURN ˈNASTY

   (1) to become threatening and violent

   (2) to become bad or unpleasant

2. A NASTY PIECE OF ˈWORK

   (BrE informal) a person who is unpleasant, unkind or dishonest

DERIVATIVES

1. nas·tily adv.

   • ‘I hate you,’ she said nastily.

2. nas·ti·ness n. [ U]

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sick leave n. 

[ U]permission to be away from work because of illness; the period of time spent away from work病假；病假期

•to be on sick leave休病假

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mois·ture n.  /ˈmɔɪstʃər/

[ U] very small drops of water that are present in the air, on a surface or in a substance

潮气；水汽；水分

• the skin's natural moisture皮肤的天然水分

• a material that is designed to absorb/retain moisture用来吸收╱保持水分的材料

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lo·tion n.  /ˈləʊʃn/

[ CU]a liquid used for cleaning, protecting or treating the skin洁肤液；护肤液；润肤乳

•(a) body/hand lotion 护肤╱护手乳液

•suntan lotion防晒露

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dur·a·ble adj.  /ˈdjʊərəbl/

likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker

耐用的；持久的

• durable plastics耐用塑料

• negotiations for a durable peace为持久和平而进行的谈判

DERIVATIVES

dur·a·bil·i·ty

n.  /ˌdjʊərəˈbɪləti/

• the durability of gold

金子的耐久性

——see also consumer durables

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elim·i·nate v.  /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/

1. [VN] to remove or get rid of something or someone排除；清除；消除

• Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.

 有了信用卡就用不着携带很多现金。

• The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation.

警方通过调查已经排除了两名嫌疑犯。

• This diet claims to eliminate toxins from the body.

这种饮食据称具有排除体内毒素的作用。

2. [VN] (usually passive) to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a （比赛中）淘汰

SYN knock out

• All the English teams were eliminated in the early stages of the competition.

所有英格兰队伍在比赛初期就被淘汰了。

3. [VN] (formal) to kill someone, especially an enemy or opponent

消灭，干掉（尤指敌人或对手）

• Most of the regime's left-wing opponents were eliminated.

这个政权的左翼反对派多数已被除掉。

DERIVATIVES

elim·i·na·tion        n.  /ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃn/

• the elimination of disease/poverty/crime

消除疾病╱贫困╱犯罪

• There were three eliminations in the first round of the competition.

比赛第一轮淘汰了三个队。

• the elimination of toxins from the body

排除体内毒素

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Knead v.  /niːd/

1. [VN] to press and stretch dough, wet clay, etc. with your hands to make it ready to use

揉，捏（面团、湿黏土等）

2. [VN] to rub and squeeze muscles, etc., especially to relax them or to make them less painful

揉捏，按摩，推拿（肌肉等）

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Massage n.  /ˈmæsɑːʒ/

[UC] the action of rubbing and pressing a person's body with the hands to reduce pain in the muscles and joints

按摩

• Massage will help the pain.按摩能减轻疼痛。

• a back massage背部按摩

• to give someone a massage给某人按摩

• massage oils

v.  [VN]

1. to rub and press a person's body with the hands to reduce pain in the muscles and joints

按摩；推拿

• He massaged the aching muscles in her feet.他给她按摩脚上疼痛的肌肉。

(figurative)

• to massage someone's ego增强某人的自信心

2. to rub a substance into the skin, hair, etc.

用…揉擦（皮肤、头发等）

• Massage the cream into your skin.将护肤霜揉擦到皮肤上.

3. (disapproving) to change facts, figures, etc. in order to make them seem better than they really are美化（事实）；虚报（数量）；粉饰

• The government was accused of massaging the unemployment figures.

政府被指责谎报了失业人数。

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lash  /læʃ/

1. to hit somebody/something with great force猛击；狠打

SYN pound

[V + adv./prep.]• The rain lashed at the windows.雨点猛烈地打在窗户上。

[VN]• Huge waves lashed the shore. 巨浪拍打着海岸。

——note at beat

2. [VN] to hit a person or an animal with a whip, rope, stick, etc.

鞭打；抽打

SYN beat

3. [VN] to criticize somebody/something in a very angry way怒斥

SYN attack

4. [VN + adv./prep.] to fasten something tightly to something else with ropes

捆绑；捆扎

• Several logs had been lashed together to make a raft.几根原木捆扎在一起做成了木筏。

• During the storm everything on deck had to be lashed down.

暴风雨中甲板上所有的东西都必须系牢。

5. to move or to move something quickly and violently from side to side

（使）迅猛摆动，甩动

[V]• The crocodile's tail was lashing furiously from side to side.

鳄鱼的尾巴在急速地左右甩动。

[also VN]

PHRASAL VERBS

1.ˌlash ˈout (at somebody/something)

(1) to suddenly try to hit somebody

（突然）狠打，痛打

• She suddenly lashed out at the boy.她突然狠狠地打那个男孩。

(2) to criticize somebody in an angry way怒斥；严厉斥责

• In a bitter article he lashed out at his critics.

他写了一篇尖刻的文章，猛烈抨击批评他的人。

2.ˌlash ˈout on something

(BrE informal) to spend a lot of money on something

在…上大量花费

noun

1. = eyelash

• her long dark lashes她那长长的黑睫毛

2. a hit with a whip, given as a form of punishment

（作为惩罚的）鞭打，抽打

• They each received 20 lashes for stealing.他们因盗窃每人挨了20鞭。

(figurative)

• to feel the lash of somebody's tongue (= to be spoken to in an angry and critical way)

领教某人利口如刀的厉害

3. the thin leather part at the end of a whip

鞭端皮条；鞭梢

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staple /ˈsteɪpl/ [ only before noun]

forming a basic, large or important part of sth主要的；基本的；重要的

• The staple crop is rice.主要农作物为水稻。

• Jeans are a staple part of everyone's wardrobe.

在每个人的衣橱里，牛仔裤是必不可少的。

1. a small piece of wire that is used in a device called a stapler and is pushed through pieces of paper and bent over at the ends in order to fasten the pieces of paper together

订书钉

2. a small piece of metal in the shape of a U that is hit into wooden surfaces using a hammer, used especially for holding electrical wires in placeU形钉；U形电线卡

3. a basic type of food that is used a lot基本食物；主食

• Aid workers helped distribute corn, milk and other staples.

救助人员协助分发谷物、牛奶及其他必需的食物。

4. something that is produced by a country and is important for its economy

（某国的）主要产品，支柱产品

• Rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy.橡胶成了马来亚经济的支柱产品。

5. ~ (of sth) a large or important part of sth

主要部分；重要内容

• Royal gossip is a staple of the tabloid press.围绕王室成员的飞短流长是小报的主要内容.

[ VN+ adv./prep.] to attach one thing to another using a staple or staples

用订书钉装订

• Staple the invoice to the receipt.把发货清单订到发票上.

• Staple the invoice and the receipt together.

把发货清单和发票订在一起.

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scrap /skræp/

1. [C] a small piece of sth, especially paper, cloth, etc.碎片，小块（纸、织物等）

• She scribbled his phone number on a scrap of paper.

她把他的电话号码匆匆写在一张小纸片上。

(figurative)

• scraps of information零星消息

(figurative)

• She was just a scrap of a thing (= small and thin).她是个不起眼的小东西。

2. [sing.] (usually with a negative 通常与否定式连用) a small amount of sth

丝毫；一丁点

SYN bit

• It won't make a scrap of difference.这不会有丝毫的差别。

• There's not a scrap of evidence to support his claim.没有丝毫证据支持他的说法。

• a barren landscape without a scrap of vegetation寸草不生的贫瘠地带

3. scraps [pl.] food left after a meal残羹剩饭

• Give the scraps to the dog.把剩菜喂狗吧。

4. [U] things that are not wanted or cannot be used for their original purpose, but which have some value for the material they are made of废料；废品

• We sold the car for scrap (= so that any good parts can be used again).

我们把车当废品卖了。

• scrap metal废金属

• a scrap dealer (= a person who buys and sells scrap)废品商人

5. (informal) a short fight or disagreement打架；争吵

SYN scuffle squabble

• He was always getting into scraps at school.他在学校老跟人打架。

—see also scrappy (-pp-)

1. [VN] [often passive] to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or useful

废弃；取消；抛弃；报废

• They had been forced to scrap plans for a new school building.

他们已被迫撤销了建筑新校舍的计划。

• The oldest of the aircraft were scrapped.最老的飞机报废了.

2. [V] (informal) to fight with sb打架

• The bigger boys started scrapping.年龄较大的男孩打了起来.

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mighty /ˈmaɪti/ (mightier, mightiest)

1. (especially literary) very strong and powerful强而有力的

• a mighty warrior 威猛的斗士

• He struck him with a mighty blow across his shoulder.他猛一下砸在他的肩膀上。

2. large and impressive巨大的；非凡的

SYN great

• the mighty Mississippi river浩荡的密西西比河

IDM see high adj. (with adjectives and adverbs 与形容词和副词连用)

(especially NAmE informal) (with adjectives and adverbs 与形容词和副词连用)

very非常；很；极其

• mighty difficult极其困难

• driving mighty fast飞速驾驶

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sleek /sliːk/ (sleeker, sleekest)

1. (approving) smooth and shiny光滑的；光亮的

SYN glossy

• sleek black hair乌黑油亮的头发

• the sleek dark head of a seal黑乎乎、油光光的海豹脑袋

2. (approving) having an elegant smooth shape线条流畅的；造型优美的

• a sleek yacht造型优美的游艇

• the sleek lines of the new car新车流畅的线条

3. (often disapproving) (of a person) looking rich, and dressed in elegant and expensive clothes

阔气的；衣冠楚楚的；时髦的

• a sleek and ambitious politician衣冠楚楚、野心勃勃的政客

DERIVATIVES

1. sleekly adv.

2. sleekness n. [U]

~ sth (back/down)to make sth, especially hair, smooth and shiny

使（头发等）发油光；使平整光亮

• His glossy hair was sleeked back over his ears.

他那油亮的头发平平整整地梳向耳后。

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ad·he·sive   /ədˈhiːsɪv/ /‑ˈhiːz‑/

[ CU]a substance that you use to make things stick together黏合剂；黏着剂

that can stick to sth黏合的；黏附的；有附着力的

•adhesive tape黏胶带

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caddy /ˈkædi/ (pl. -ies)

1. (especially BrE) = tea caddy

2. (NAmE) a small bag for storing or carrying small objects

（装小件物品的）小包

• a sewing/make-up caddy

针线╱化妆包

3. = caddie

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dim /dɪm/ (comparative dimmer, superlative dimmest)

LIGHT

1. not bright; lacking in brightness or clarity

• the dim glow of the fire in the fireplace

• This light is too dim to read by.

PLACE

2. dark or somber; not well-lit or illuminated

• a dim room/street

SHAPE

3. indistinct or unclear, as in outline or shape

• the dim outline of a house in the moonlight

• I could see a dim shape in the doorway.

EYES

4. having poor vision; unable to see clearly

• His eyesight is getting dim.

MEMORIES

5. indistinct, vague, or hazy, as in memory or recollection

• dim memories

• She had a dim recollection of the visit.

(humorous)

• in the dim and distant past

PERSON

6. (informal) lacking intelligence or wit; stupid

• He's very dim.

SITUATION

7. not giving any reason to have hope; unpromising

• Her future career prospects look dim.

IDIOMS

1. take a dim view of sb/sth: to disapprove of sb/sth; to not have a good opinion of sb/sth

• She took a dim view of my suggestion.

DERIVATIVES

dimness (n.)

• It took a while for his eyes to adjust to the dimness.

VERB

1. (of a light) become less bright or distinct

• The lights in the theatre dimmed as the curtain rose.

FEELING/QUALITY

2. (of a feeling or quality) become less intense or prominent

• Her passion for dancing never dimmed over the years.

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Lint  n. /lɪnt/

[ U]

1. ( especially BrE ) a type of soft cotton cloth used for covering and protecting wounds

   （敷伤口用的）纱布

2. ( technical 术语) short fine fibres that come off the surface of cloth when it is being made

   （织物在制作过程中从表面掉落的）纤维屑，飞花

3. ( especially NAmE ) ( BrE usually also fluff ) small soft pieces of wool, cotton, etc. that stick on the surface of cloth

   （毛料、棉布等的）绒毛

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sponge  /spʌndʒ/

1. [ C] a piece of artificial or natural material that is soft and light and full of holes and can hold water easily, used for washing or cleaning

   （或天然或人造、擦洗物品用的）海绵块

   (figurative)

   • His mind was like a sponge, ready to absorb anything.

     他的脑子跟海绵似的，什么都能吸收。

2. [ U] artificial sponge used for filling furniture, cushions, etc.

   （用以填充家具、垫子等的）人造海绵

3. [ C] a simple sea creature with a light body full of holes, from which natural sponge is obtained

   海绵动物

4. [ CU] ( BrE ) = sponge cake

   • a chocolate sponge

     巧克力海绵蛋糕

1. [ VN] ~ sb/yourself/sth (down) to wash sb/yourself/sth with a wet cloth or sponge

   用湿布（或海绵）擦；揩拭

   SYN wipe

   • She sponged his hot face.

     她用湿毛巾擦了擦他那滚烫的脸。

   • Take your jacket off and I'll sponge it down with water.

     把你的夹克脱下来，我要用海绵蘸上水把它擦一擦。

2. [ VN+ adv./prep.] to remove sth using a wet cloth or sponge

   用湿布（或海绵）擦掉；揩去

   SYN wash

   • We tried to sponge the blood off my shirt.

     我们试着把我衬衫上的血迹擦掉。

3. [ V] ~ (off/on sb) (informal disapproving) to get money, food, etc. regularly from other people without doing anything for them or offering to pay

   白要；白吃；揩油；蹭（饭等）

   SYN scrounge

   • He spent his life sponging off his relatives.他靠在亲属那儿蹭吃蹭喝过了一辈子。

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cer·am·ic n. /səˈræmɪk/

1. [C usually pl.] a pot or other object made of clay that has been made permanently hard by heat

    陶瓷制品；陶瓷器

    • an exhibition of ceramics by Picasso

      毕加索陶瓷作品展

2. ceramics [U] the art of making and decorating ceramics

    制陶艺术；陶瓷装潢艺术

DERIVATIVES

cer·am·ic adj.

• ceramic tiles瓷砖

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2.听写

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3.默写

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4.翻译

nasty: She gave me a nasty look when I bumped into her.

(当我撞到她时，她瞪了我一眼。)

sick leave: He took a week of sick leave to recover from the flu.

(他请了一周的病假来恢复从流感中。)

moisture: The plants need moisture to grow properly.

(植物需要适量的水分才能正常生长。)

lotion: She applied lotion to her dry skin. (她在干燥的皮肤上涂抹了乳液。)

durable: This backpack is made of durable material.

(这个背包是用耐用材料制成的。)

eliminate: We need to eliminate all sources of contamination.

(我们需要消除所有的污染源。)

knead: You need to knead the dough for at least ten minutes.

 (你需要至少揉面团十分钟。)

fatigue: The long journey left him feeling extreme fatigue.

(长途旅行让他感到极度疲劳。)

massage: I booked a massage to relax my muscles.

(我预定了按摩来放松肌肉。)

lash: The strong wind made the flag lash against the pole.

(大风让旗帜在杆子上猛烈摆动。)

staple: Rice is a staple food in many Asian countries.

(大米是许多亚洲国家的主食。)

scrap: He collected all the metal scrap for recycling.

(他收集了所有的金属废料进行回收利用。)

mighty: The superhero used his mighty powers to save the city.

(超级英雄运用他强大的力量拯救了城市。)

sleek: Her new car has a sleek and modern design. (她的新车造型时尚而优雅。)

caddy: The golf caddy carried the player's clubs around the course.

(高尔夫球童在球场周围携带着球员的球杆。)

adhensive: The adhensive tape stuck the pieces together firmly.

(胶带将碎片牢牢粘在一起。)

dim: The dim light in the room created a cozy atmosphere.

 (房间里昏暗的灯光营造出舒适的氛围。)

lint: She used a lint roller to remove the lint from her clothes.

(她用粘毛器从衣服上去除绒屑。)

sponge: She used a sponge to clean the dishes.

(她用海绵清洗餐具。)

ceramic: The artist created beautiful ceramic vases.

(艺术家创作了美丽的陶瓷花瓶。)

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5.短文理解

In our daily lives, we encounter a variety of situations where certain products or practices become a staple. For instance, in skincare routines, using lotion to maintain moisture is a staple practice for many. However, not all lotions are created equal; some are more durable and effective in eliminating dryness than others.

Imagine coming home after a long day at work feeling fatigue seeping into your bones. What you need is a relaxing massage to knead away the tension and revive your spirits. The soothing touch of a skilled masseuse can eliminate the knots in your muscles and leave you feeling rejuvenated.

As you unwind during the massage, the dim lighting in the room adds to the ambiance, creating a cozy and tranquil atmosphere. The faint scent of lavender fills the air, enhancing the experience and helping you let go of the day's stresses.

After the massage, you notice a sleek ceramic vase in the corner, holding a bouquet of fresh flowers. The contrast between the mighty presence of the vase and the delicate beauty of the flowers is captivating. You run your fingers over the smooth surface of the vase, appreciating its adhensive qualities that keep it intact despite its fragile appearance.

As you sip on a cup of tea, you absentmindedly pick at a piece of lint on your sleeve, reminding you of the little things in life. The simplicity of removing the lint with a sponge brings a sense of satisfaction, much like decluttering your mind from unnecessary worries.

In the corner, a caddy filled with scrapbooking materials catches your eye. Scrapbooking has been a nasty habit of yours, but it serves as a creative outlet, allowing you to express yourself through collages and memories. Each piece of scrap holds sentimental value, making the process both therapeutic and rewarding.

In conclusion, incorporating these elements into your life can turn the mundane into moments of relaxation, creativity, and self-care. From using lotion to kneading away fatigue, each practice plays a role in enhancing your well-being and bringing joy to your daily routine.

在我们的日常生活中，我们会遇到各种各样的情况，某些产品或做法成为主食。例如，在护肤程序中，使用乳液保持水分是许多人的主要做法。然而，并不是所有的乳液都是一样的;有些产品在消除干燥方面比其他产品更持久、更有效。

想象一下，在漫长的一天工作后回到家，感到疲倦渗透到你的骨头里。你需要的是一个放松的按摩来消除紧张，恢复精神。熟练的按摩师舒缓的触摸可以消除你肌肉中的打结，让你感觉恢复活力。

当你在按摩中放松时，房间里昏暗的灯光增加了气氛，营造出舒适宁静的氛围。淡淡的薰衣草香味弥漫在空气中，增强体验，帮助你释放一天的压力。

按摩结束后，你注意到角落里有一个光滑的陶瓷花瓶，里面放着一束鲜花。花瓶的巨大存在和花朵的精致美丽之间的对比令人着迷。你用手指抚摸着花瓶光滑的表面，欣赏它的粘性，尽管它的外表很脆弱，但它仍然完好无损。

当你啜饮着一杯茶的时候，你心不在焉地拨弄着袖子上的一块棉絮，提醒着你生活中的点点滴滴。用海绵去除棉绒的简单性带来了满足感，就像清除你头脑中不必要的担忧一样。

在角落里，一个装满剪贴簿材料的球童吸引了你的目光。剪贴簿一直是你的一个讨厌的习惯，但它是一个创造性的出口，让你通过拼贴画和回忆来表达自己。每一块废料都具有情感价值，使这个过程既有益又有益。

总之，把这些元素融入到你的生活中可以把平凡的时刻变成放松、创造和自我照顾的时刻。从使用乳液到按摩疲劳，每一个练习都在提高你的幸福感和为你的日常生活带来快乐。

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