C++提前构造好传入和函数内构造的差异实验

#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<chrono>
using namespace std;

std::string inline copy_str(const std::string &str) {
    std::string str1 = str;
    return str1;
}
void inline copy_str(std::string &str_out, const std::string &str_in) {
    str_out = str_in;
}

class T {
    public:
    T() { std::cout << "create" << std::endl; }
    T(const T& t) { std::cout << "create copy" << std::endl; }
    T(T&& other) noexcept { std::cout << "create move" << std::endl; }
    T& operator=(const T&) { std::cout << "= operator" << std::endl;  return *this;}
    ~T() { std::cout << "~ destroy" << std::endl;};
};

T inline copy_T(const T &str) {
    T str1 = str;
    return str1;
}
void inline copy_T(T &str_out, const T &str_in) {
    str_out = str_in;
}

int main()
{
    T tt2;
    
    std::cout<<"split here-------------------------" << std::endl;
    T tt1;
    tt1 = copy_T(tt1);
    
    std::cout<<"split here-------------------------" << std::endl;
    
    T tt3;
    copy_T(tt3, tt2);
    
    
    auto t1 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < 1e6; i++) {
        std::string str = "base_link";
    }
    auto t2 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    
    std::string str_base = "base_link";
    for (int i = 0; i < 1e6; i++) {
        copy_str(str_base);
    }
    auto t3 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 1e6; i++) {
        std::string str;
        str = copy_str(str_base);
    }  
    auto t4 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    
   
    for (int i = 0; i < 1e6; i++) {
        std:string str_out;
        copy_str(str_out, str_base);
    }
    auto t5 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    
    std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> duration1 = t2 - t1;
    std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> duration2 = t3 - t2;
    std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> duration3 = t4 - t3;
    std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> duration4 = t5 - t4;
    std::cout << duration1.count() << std::endl 
        << duration2.count() << std::endl 
        << duration3.count() << std::endl 
        << duration4.count();
    return 0;
}

输出如下：

create
split here-------------------------
create
create copy
= operator
~ destroy
split here-------------------------
create
= operator
85.89
48.75
149.73
73.165~ destroy
~ destroy
~ destroy

实验结论：函数内构造再返回比提前构造好多了一次拷贝构造；