基于UDP可靠传输协议UDT----报文协议详解

任何协议不管是网络协议还是文件协议(mp4,avi等)基本都市 由 包头+包体 格式组成

UDT包头+包体

#include "packet.h" packet.cpp

//
//    0                   1                   2                   3
//    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |                        Packet Header                          |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |                                                               |
//   ~              Data / Control Information Field                 ~
//   |                                                               |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

具体包头 有2中类型的包头，一种是针对上层用户的数据包头，另一种是针对UDT内部的控制包头

数据包头：

//    0                   1                   2                   3
//    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |0|                        Sequence Number                      |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |ff |o|                     Message Number                      |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |                          Time Stamp                           |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |                     Destination Socket ID                     |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
//   bit 0:
//      0: Data Packet
//      1: Control Packet
//   bit ff:
//      11: solo message packet
//      10: first packet of a message
//      01: last packet of a message
//   bit o:
//      0: in order delivery not required
//      1: in order delivery required

控制包头：

//    0                   1                   2                   3
//    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |1|            Type             |             Reserved          |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |                       Additional Info                         |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |                          Time Stamp                           |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//   |                     Destination Socket ID                     |
//   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
//
//   bit 1-15:
//      0: Protocol Connection Handshake
//              Add. Info:    Undefined
//              Control Info: Handshake information (see CHandShake)
//      1: Keep-alive
//              Add. Info:    Undefined
//              Control Info: None
//      2: Acknowledgement (ACK)
//              Add. Info:    The ACK sequence number
//              Control Info: The sequence number to which (but not include) all the previous packets have beed received
//              Optional:     RTT
//                            RTT Variance
//                            available receiver buffer size (in bytes)
//                            advertised flow window size (number of packets)
//                            estimated bandwidth (number of packets per second)
//      3: Negative Acknowledgement (NAK)
//              Add. Info:    Undefined
//              Control Info: Loss list (see loss list coding below)
//      4: Congestion/Delay Warning
//              Add. Info:    Undefined
//              Control Info: None
//      5: Shutdown
//              Add. Info:    Undefined
//              Control Info: None
//      6: Acknowledgement of Acknowledement (ACK-square)
//              Add. Info:    The ACK sequence number
//              Control Info: None
//      7: Message Drop Request
//              Add. Info:    Message ID
//              Control Info: first sequence number of the message
//                            last seqeunce number of the message
//      8: Error Signal from the Peer Side
//              Add. Info:    Error code
//              Control Info: None
//      0x7FFF: Explained by bits 16 - 31
//             
//   bit 16 - 31:
//      This space is used for future expansion or user defined control packets.
控制包头的包体 根据包头 类型 来决定。

具体打包函数如下：

void CPacket::pack(int pkttype, void* lparam, void* rparam, int size)
{
   // Set (bit-0 = 1) and (bit-1~15 = type)
   m_nHeader[0] = 0x80000000 | (pkttype << 16);

   // Set additional information and control information field
   switch (pkttype)
   {
   case 2: //0010 - Acknowledgement (ACK)
      // ACK packet seq. no.
      if (NULL != lparam)
         m_nHeader[1] = *(int32_t *)lparam;

      // data ACK seq. no.
      // optional: RTT (microsends), RTT variance (microseconds) advertised flow window size (packets), and estimated link capacity (packets per second)
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)rparam;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = size;

      break;

   case 6: //0110 - Acknowledgement of Acknowledgement (ACK-2)
      // ACK packet seq. no.
      m_nHeader[1] = *(int32_t *)lparam;

      // control info field should be none
      // but "writev" does not allow this
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)&__pad; //NULL;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = 4; //0;

      break;

   case 3: //0011 - Loss Report (NAK)
      // loss list
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)rparam;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = size;

      break;

   case 4: //0100 - Congestion Warning
      // control info field should be none
      // but "writev" does not allow this
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)&__pad; //NULL;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = 4; //0;
 
      break;

   case 1: //0001 - Keep-alive
      // control info field should be none
      // but "writev" does not allow this
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)&__pad; //NULL;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = 4; //0;

      break;

   case 0: //0000 - Handshake
      // control info filed is handshake info
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)rparam;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = size; //sizeof(CHandShake);

      break;

   case 5: //0101 - Shutdown
      // control info field should be none
      // but "writev" does not allow this
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)&__pad; //NULL;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = 4; //0;

      break;

   case 7: //0111 - Message Drop Request
      // msg id
      m_nHeader[1] = *(int32_t *)lparam;

      //first seq no, last seq no
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)rparam;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = size;

      break;

   case 8: //1000 - Error Signal from the Peer Side
      // Error type
      m_nHeader[1] = *(int32_t *)lparam;

      // control info field should be none
      // but "writev" does not allow this
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)&__pad; //NULL;
      m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = 4; //0;

      break;

   case 32767: //0x7FFF - Reserved for user defined control packets
      // for extended control packet
      // "lparam" contains the extended type information for bit 16 - 31
      // "rparam" is the control information
      m_nHeader[0] |= *(int32_t *)lparam;

      if (NULL != rparam)
      {
         m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)rparam;
         m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = size;
      }
      else
      {
         m_PacketVector[1].iov_base = (char *)&__pad;
         m_PacketVector[1].iov_len = 4;
      }

      break;

   default:
      break;
   }
}
握手报文 也就是控制报文类型为 0 的报文，其对于的包体为CHandShake 类型

const int CHandShake::m_iContentSize = 48;

握手报文的封包和拆包

int CHandShake::serialize(char* buf, int& size)
{
   if (size < m_iContentSize)
      return -1;

   int32_t* p = (int32_t*)buf;
   *p++ = m_iVersion;
   *p++ = m_iType;
   *p++ = m_iISN;
   *p++ = m_iMSS;
   *p++ = m_iFlightFlagSize;
   *p++ = m_iReqType;
   *p++ = m_iID;
   *p++ = m_iCookie;
   for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++ i)
      *p++ = m_piPeerIP[i];

   size = m_iContentSize;

   return 0;
}

int CHandShake::deserialize(const char* buf, int size)
{
   if (size < m_iContentSize)
      return -1;

   int32_t* p = (int32_t*)buf;
   m_iVersion = *p++;
   m_iType = *p++;
   m_iISN = *p++;
   m_iMSS = *p++;
   m_iFlightFlagSize = *p++;
   m_iReqType = *p++;
   m_iID = *p++;
   m_iCookie = *p++;
   for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++ i)
      m_piPeerIP[i] = *p++;

   return 0;
}