等价无穷小替换
等价无穷小替换
- sin x \sin x sinx, tan x \tan x tanx, arcsin x \arcsin x arcsinx, arctan x \arctan x arctanx, e x e^x ex-1,ln(x+1) ~ x x x
- a x a^x ax - 1 ~ x x x· ln a \ln a lna
- 1 - cos x \cos x cosx ~ 1 2 x 2 \frac{1}{2}x^2 21x2
导数定义
导数定义:函数 f(x) 在 x 0 x_0 x0 处的导数定义
定义1:
- lim δ x → 0 f ( x 0 + δ x ) − f ( x 0 ) δ x = f ( x 0 ) ˙ \lim_{\delta x\to 0\frac {f(x_0 + \delta x)-f(x_0)}{\delta x}} = \dot{f(x_0)} limδx→0δxf(x0+δx)−f(x0)=f(x0)˙
定义2:
- lim x → x 0 f ( x ) − f ( x 0 ) x − x 0 \lim_{x\to x_0}\frac {f(x)-f(x_0)}{x-x_0} limx→x0x−x0f(x)−f(x0) = f ( x 0 ) ˙ \dot{f(x_0)} f(x0)˙
注意: 导数定义中,分子处 一动一静 不可变。一定是一个变量,一个常量。
基本求导公式
1.基本求导公式
- ( C ) ˙ = 0 \dot{(C)}=0 (C)˙=0
- ( x μ ) ˙ = μ ⋅ x μ − 1 \dot{(x^\mu)}=\mu·x^{\mu-1} (xμ)˙=μ⋅xμ−1
- ( sin x ) ˙ = cos x \dot{(\sin{x})}=\cos x (sinx)˙=cosx
- ( cos x ) ˙ = − sin x \dot{(\cos{x})}=-\sin x (cosx)˙=−sinx
- ( tan x ) ˙ = sec 2 x \dot{(\tan x)}=\sec^2{x} (tanx)˙=sec2x
- ( cot x ) ˙ = − csc 2 x \dot{(\cot{x})}=-\csc^2{x} (cotx)˙=−csc2x
- ( sec x ) ˙ = sec x ⋅ tan x \dot{(\sec x)}=\sec{x}·\tan x (secx)˙=secx⋅tanx
- ( csc x ) ˙ = − csc x cot x \dot{(\csc x)}=-\csc{x}\cot{x} (cscx)˙=−cscxcotx
- ( a x ) ˙ = a x ⋅ ln a \dot{(a^x)}=a^x·\ln{a} (ax)˙=ax⋅lna
- ( e x ) ˙ = e x \dot{(e^x)}=e^x (ex)˙=ex
- ( log a x ) ˙ = 1 x ln a \dot{(\log_a{x})}=\frac{1}{x\ln{a}} (logax)˙=xlna1
- ( ln x ) ˙ = 1 x \dot{(\ln{x})}=\frac{1}{x} (lnx)˙=x1
- ( arcsin x ) ˙ = 1 1 − x 2 \dot{(\arcsin{x})}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} (arcsinx)˙=1−x21
- ( arccos x ) ˙ = − 1 1 − x 2 \dot{(\arccos{x})}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} (arccosx)˙=−1−x21
- ( a r c t a n x ) ˙ = 1 1 + x 2 \dot{(arctan{x})}=\frac{1}{1+x^2} (arctanx)˙=1+x21
- ( a r c c o t x ) ˙ = − 1 1 + x 2 \dot{(arccot{x})}=-\frac{1}{1+x^2} (arccotx)˙=−1+x21
2.求导法则
- ( x ± y ) ˙ = x ˙ ± y ˙ \dot{(x \pm y)}=\dot{x}\pm\dot{y} (x±y)˙=x˙±y˙
- ( C x ) ˙ = C x ˙ \dot{(Cx)}=C\dot{x} (Cx)˙=Cx˙
- ( x y ) ˙ = x ˙ y + x y ˙ \dot{(xy)}=\dot{x}y+x\dot{y} (xy)˙=x˙y+xy˙
- ( x y ) ˙ = x ˙ y − x y ˙ y 2 \dot{(\frac{x}{y})}=\frac{\dot{x}y-x\dot{y}}{y^2} (yx)˙=y2x˙y−xy˙