python机器学习Iris Data Set（鸢尾属植物数据集）分类源码

数据是机器学习模型的原材料，当下机器学习的热潮离不开大数据的支撑。在机器学习领域，有大量的公开数据集可以使用，从几百个样本到几十万个样本的数据集都有。有些数据集被用来教学，有些被当做机器学习模型性能测试的标准（例如ImageNet图片数据集以及相关的图像分类比赛）。这些高质量的公开数据集为我们学习和研究机器学习算法提供了极大的便利，类似于模式生物对于生物学实验的价值。

数据集测量了所有150个样本的4个特征，分别是：
sepal length（花萼长度）
sepal width（花萼宽度）
petal length（花瓣长度）
petal width（花瓣宽度）
以上四个特征的单位都是厘米（cm）。

通常使用m表示样本量的大小，n表示每个样本所具有的特征数。直接利用Python中的机器学习包scikit-learn直接导入该数据集。因此在该数据集中，m=150,n=4.
参考来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/Belter/p/8831216.html
源码：

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author's_name_is_NIKOLA_SS
#参考来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/Belter/p/8831216.html

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
data = load_iris()
print(dir(data))  # 查看data所具有的属性或方法
print(data.DESCR)  # 查看数据集的简介

import pandas as pd
#直接读到pandas的数据框中
pd.DataFrame(data=data.data, columns=data.feature_names)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.style.use('ggplot')

X = data.data  # 只包括样本的特征，150x4
y = data.target  # 样本的类型，[0, 1, 2]
features = data.feature_names  # 4个特征的名称
targets = data.target_names  # 3类鸢尾花的名称，跟y中的3个数字对应

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 4))
plt.plot(X[:, 2][y==0], X[:, 3][y==0], 'bs', label=targets[0])
plt.plot(X[:, 2][y==1], X[:, 3][y==1], 'kx', label=targets[1])
plt.plot(X[:, 2][y==2], X[:, 3][y==2], 'ro', label=targets[2])
plt.xlabel(features[2])
plt.ylabel(features[3])
plt.title('Iris Data Set')
plt.legend()
plt.savefig('Iris Data Set.png', dpi=200)
plt.show()

输出效果:

['DESCR', 'data', 'feature_names', 'filename', 'frame', 'target', 'target_names']
.. _iris_dataset:

Iris plants dataset
--------------------

**Data Set Characteristics:**

    :Number of Instances: 150 (50 in each of three classes)
    :Number of Attributes: 4 numeric, predictive attributes and the class
    :Attribute Information:
        - sepal length in cm
        - sepal width in cm
        - petal length in cm
        - petal width in cm
        - class:
                - Iris-Setosa
                - Iris-Versicolour
                - Iris-Virginica
                
    :Summary Statistics:

    ============== ==== ==== ======= ===== ====================
                    Min  Max   Mean    SD   Class Correlation
    ============== ==== ==== ======= ===== ====================
    sepal length:   4.3  7.9   5.84   0.83    0.7826
    sepal width:    2.0  4.4   3.05   0.43   -0.4194
    petal length:   1.0  6.9   3.76   1.76    0.9490  (high!)
    petal width:    0.1  2.5   1.20   0.76    0.9565  (high!)
    ============== ==== ==== ======= ===== ====================

    :Missing Attribute Values: None
    :Class Distribution: 33.3% for each of 3 classes.
    :Creator: R.A. Fisher
    :Donor: Michael Marshall (MARSHALL%PLU@io.arc.nasa.gov)
    :Date: July, 1988

The famous Iris database, first used by Sir R.A. Fisher. The dataset is taken
from Fisher's paper. Note that it's the same as in R, but not as in the UCI
Machine Learning Repository, which has two wrong data points.

This is perhaps the best known database to be found in the
pattern recognition literature.  Fisher's paper is a classic in the field and
is referenced frequently to this day.  (See Duda & Hart, for example.)  The
data set contains 3 classes of 50 instances each, where each class refers to a
type of iris plant.  One class is linearly separable from the other 2; the
latter are NOT linearly separable from each other.

.. topic:: References

   - Fisher, R.A. "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems"
     Annual Eugenics, 7, Part II, 179-188 (1936); also in "Contributions to
     Mathematical Statistics" (John Wiley, NY, 1950).
   - Duda, R.O., & Hart, P.E. (1973) Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis.
     (Q327.D83) John Wiley & Sons.  ISBN 0-471-22361-1.  See page 218.
   - Dasarathy, B.V. (1980) "Nosing Around the Neighborhood: A New System
     Structure and Classification Rule for Recognition in Partially Exposed
     Environments".  IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
     Intelligence, Vol. PAMI-2, No. 1, 67-71.
   - Gates, G.W. (1972) "The Reduced Nearest Neighbor Rule".  IEEE Transactions
     on Information Theory, May 1972, 431-433.
   - See also: 1988 MLC Proceedings, 54-64.  Cheeseman et al"s AUTOCLASS II
     conceptual clustering system finds 3 classes in the data.
   - Many, many more ...

分类效果图