Tree2cycle
Time Limit: 15000/8000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 102400/102400 K (Java/Others)Total Submission(s): 382 Accepted Submission(s): 74
Problem Description
A tree with N nodes and N-1 edges is given. To connect or disconnect one edge, we need 1 unit of cost respectively. The nodes are labeled from 1 to N. Your job is to transform the tree to a cycle(without superfluous edges) using minimal cost.
A cycle of n nodes is defined as follows: (1)a graph with n nodes and n edges (2)the degree of every node is 2 (3) each node can reach every other node with these N edges.
A cycle of n nodes is defined as follows: (1)a graph with n nodes and n edges (2)the degree of every node is 2 (3) each node can reach every other node with these N edges.
Input
The first line contains the number of test cases T( T<=10 ). Following lines are the scenarios of each test case.
In the first line of each test case, there is a single integer N( 3<=N<=1000000 ) - the number of nodes in the tree. The following N-1 lines describe the N-1 edges of the tree. Each line has a pair of integer U, V ( 1<=U,V<=N ), describing a bidirectional edge (U, V).
In the first line of each test case, there is a single integer N( 3<=N<=1000000 ) - the number of nodes in the tree. The following N-1 lines describe the N-1 edges of the tree. Each line has a pair of integer U, V ( 1<=U,V<=N ), describing a bidirectional edge (U, V).
Output
For each test case, please output one integer representing minimal cost to transform the tree to a cycle.
Sample Input
1 4 1 2 2 3 2 4
Sample Output
3HintIn the sample above, you can disconnect (2,4) and then connect (1, 4) and (3, 4), and the total cost is 3.
Source
Recommend
liuyiding
题意: 有一颗树, 删除一条边花费一权值, 添加一条边花费一权值。 问让N个节点构成一个环,最少花费多少权值。
思路: 树形DP
每次都将儿子节点变成一条链。
给个样例。 黑线表示操作数。 黑线与红线相交表示删除该红线。 两节点的黑线表示, 添加一条边。
得到如图:
也就是说,
如果该节点有二个以上(包括二个)的分叉, 那么就首先与父亲断离,形成一条游离链。 还需要断离 sum - 2个儿子, 并且再次连接 sum - 2个儿子构成一条直链。
这里已经花费了 2 * (sum - 2) + 1次操作。 还需要一次操作是与下一个游离链相连。 即 2 * (sum - 1) 次操作。
如果该节点就是自定义的根节点, 那么其无需与父亲断离, 也无需与下一个游离链相连。 即需要 2 * (sum - 2)次操作。
每次与父亲断离后。 父亲就失去一个儿子节点。
如果该节点只有一个分叉或者是叶子节点, 什么都不管, 返回true. 表示 还是原树一起。
然后再 + 1就会构成一个环。
#pragma comment(linker,"/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int V = 1000000 + 50;
int pnt[V * 2], nxt[V * 2], head[V * 2], e;
int T, n, ans;
bool vis[V];
inline void addedge(int u, int v) {
pnt[e] = v;
nxt[e] = head[u];
head[u] = e++;
}
bool dfs(int u) { //返回是否还是还是u的儿子。
int sum = 0;
vis[u] = true;
for(int i = head[u]; i != -1; i = nxt[i])
if(!vis[pnt[i]])
sum += dfs(pnt[i]);
if(sum >= 2) {
if(u == 1) //如果是根节点
ans += 2 * (sum - 2);
else
ans += 2 * (sum - 1);
return false;
}
else
return true;
}
int main() {
int i, j, k;
scanf("%d", &T);
while(T--) {
scanf("%d", &n);
e = ans = 0;
memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
for(i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
int a, b;
scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
addedge(a, b);
addedge(b, a);
}
dfs(1);
printf("%d\n", ans + 1);
}
}