HDU 4714 Tree2cycle

Tree2cycle

Time Limit: 15000/8000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 102400/102400 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 382    Accepted Submission(s): 74

Problem Description

A tree with N nodes and N-1 edges is given. To connect or disconnect one edge, we need 1 unit of cost respectively. The nodes are labeled from 1 to N. Your job is to transform the tree to a cycle(without superfluous edges) using minimal cost.

A cycle of n nodes is defined as follows: (1)a graph with n nodes and n edges (2)the degree of every node is 2 (3) each node can reach every other node with these N edges.

 

Input

The first line contains the number of test cases T( T<=10 ). Following lines are the scenarios of each test case.
In the first line of each test case, there is a single integer N( 3<=N<=1000000 ) - the number of nodes in the tree. The following N-1 lines describe the N-1 edges of the tree. Each line has a pair of integer U, V ( 1<=U,V<=N ), describing a bidirectional edge (U, V).

 

Output

For each test case, please output one integer representing minimal cost to transform the tree to a cycle.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   1
4
1 2
2 3
2 4
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   3

   
   

    
    

     
     Hint
    
    
In the sample above, you can disconnect (2,4) and then connect (1, 4) and
(3, 4), and the total cost is 3.

   
   
   
    
  
  

 

Source

2013 ACM/ICPC Asia Regional Online —— Warmup

 

Recommend

liuyiding

 

题意： 有一颗树， 删除一条边花费一权值， 添加一条边花费一权值。 问让N个节点构成一个环，最少花费多少权值。

思路： 树形DP

每次都将儿子节点变成一条链。

给个样例。 黑线表示操作数。  黑线与红线相交表示删除该红线。  两节点的黑线表示， 添加一条边。  

得到如图：

也就是说，

如果该节点有二个以上（包括二个）的分叉， 那么就首先与父亲断离，形成一条游离链。 还需要断离 sum - 2个儿子， 并且再次连接  sum - 2个儿子构成一条直链。

这里已经花费了  2 * （sum - 2) + 1次操作。 还需要一次操作是与下一个游离链相连。 即 2 * （sum - 1) 次操作。

如果该节点就是自定义的根节点， 那么其无需与父亲断离， 也无需与下一个游离链相连。 即需要 2 * （sum - 2)次操作。

每次与父亲断离后。 父亲就失去一个儿子节点。

如果该节点只有一个分叉或者是叶子节点， 什么都不管， 返回true. 表示 还是原树一起。

然后再 + 1就会构成一个环。

#pragma comment(linker,"/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int V = 1000000 + 50;
int pnt[V * 2], nxt[V * 2], head[V * 2], e;
int T, n, ans;
bool vis[V];
inline void addedge(int u, int v) {
    pnt[e] = v;
    nxt[e] = head[u];
    head[u] = e++;
}
bool dfs(int u) { //返回是否还是还是u的儿子。
    int sum = 0;
    vis[u] = true;
    for(int i = head[u]; i != -1; i = nxt[i])
        if(!vis[pnt[i]])
            sum += dfs(pnt[i]);
    if(sum >= 2) {
        if(u == 1) //如果是根节点
            ans += 2 * (sum - 2);
        else
            ans += 2 * (sum - 1);
        return false;
    }
    else
        return true;
}
int main() {
    int i, j, k;
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while(T--) {
        scanf("%d", &n);
        e = ans = 0;
        memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
        memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
        for(i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
            int a, b;
            scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
            addedge(a, b);
            addedge(b, a);
        }
        dfs(1);
        printf("%d\n", ans + 1);
    }
}