usb root hub的启用和设备的识别(1)
usb root hub的注册
如下顺序图所示:
这个过程中形成的数据结构如下图绿色圈中是usb_enumerate_device函数形成的数据结构。
在generic_driver中进行usb_enable_interface动作后形成的数据结构图如下:
在interface 加入后,root hub的usb driver 就已经启动,到这里usb 系统已经启动完毕。在sys 目录下产生的目录结构如 usb generic driver 中图2所示。
在root hub 注册里边最重要的部分就是usb_new_device, 它完成设备的枚举,建立起struct usb_device 下的config, interface, endpoint的信息结构。roothub的各中描述符的获取并不提交到真正的hcd中,通过总线发送出去,它是填充好的结构。真正外插的usb设备要提交到硬件做传输处理。
struct usb_interface
/**
* struct usb_interface - what usb device drivers talk to
* @altsetting: array of interface structures, one for each alternate
* setting that may be selected. Each one includes a set of
* endpoint configurations. They will be in no particular order.
* @cur_altsetting: the current altsetting.
* @num_altsetting: number of altsettings defined.
* @intf_assoc: interface association descriptor
* @minor: the minor number assigned to this interface, if this
* interface is bound to a driver that uses the USB major number.
* If this interface does not use the USB major, this field should
* be unused. The driver should set this value in the probe()
* function of the driver, after it has been assigned a minor
* number from the USB core by calling usb_register_dev().
* @condition: binding state of the interface: not bound, binding
* (in probe()), bound to a driver, or unbinding (in disconnect())
* @sysfs_files_created: sysfs attributes exist
* @ep_devs_created: endpoint child pseudo-devices exist
* @unregistering: flag set when the interface is being unregistered
* @needs_remote_wakeup: flag set when the driver requires remote-wakeup
* capability during autosuspend.
* @needs_altsetting0: flag set when a set-interface request for altsetting 0
* has been deferred.
* @needs_binding: flag set when the driver should be re-probed or unbound
* following a reset or suspend operation it doesn't support.
* @authorized: This allows to (de)authorize individual interfaces instead
* a whole device in contrast to the device authorization.
* @dev: driver model's view of this device
* @usb_dev: if an interface is bound to the USB major, this will point
* to the sysfs representation for that device.
* @pm_usage_cnt: PM usage counter for this interface
* @reset_ws: Used for scheduling resets from atomic context.
* @resetting_device: USB core reset the device, so use alt setting 0 as
* current; needs bandwidth alloc after reset.
*
* USB device drivers attach to interfaces on a physical device. Each
* interface encapsulates a single high level function, such as feeding
* an audio stream to a speaker or reporting a change in a volume control.
* Many USB devices only have one interface. The protocol used to talk to
* an interface's endpoints can be defined in a usb "class" specification,
* or by a product's vendor. The (default) control endpoint is part of
* every interface, but is never listed among the interface's descriptors.
*
* The driver that is bound to the interface can use standard driver model
* calls such as dev_get_drvdata() on the dev member of this structure.
*
* Each interface may have alternate settings. The initial configuration
* of a device sets altsetting 0, but the device driver can change
* that setting using usb_set_interface(). Alternate settings are often
* used to control the use of periodic endpoints, such as by having
* different endpoints use different amounts of reserved USB bandwidth.
* All standards-conformant USB devices that use isochronous endpoints
* will use them in non-default settings.
*
* The USB specification says that alternate setting numbers must run from
* 0 to one less than the total number of alternate settings. But some
* devices manage to mess this up, and the structures aren't necessarily
* stored in numerical order anyhow. Use usb_altnum_to_altsetting() to
* look up an alternate setting in the altsetting array based on its number.
*/
struct usb_interface {
/* array of alternate settings for this interface,
* stored in no particular order 此接口对应的usb_host_interface
* 枚举过程中获得多个interface描述符,构成一个数组,cur_altsetting指向由这个描述符生成的host interface*/
struct usb_host_interface *altsetting;
struct usb_host_interface *cur_altsetting; /* the currently
* active alternate setting */
unsigned num_altsetting; /* number of alternate settings */
/* If there is an interface association descriptor then it will list
* the associated interfaces */
struct usb_interface_assoc_descriptor *intf_assoc;
int minor; /* minor number this interface is
* bound to */
enum usb_interface_condition condition; /* state of binding */
unsigned sysfs_files_created:1; /* the sysfs attributes exist */
unsigned ep_devs_created:1; /* endpoint "devices" exist */
unsigned unregistering:1; /* unregistration is in progress */
unsigned needs_remote_wakeup:1; /* driver requires remote wakeup */
unsigned needs_altsetting0:1; /* switch to altsetting 0 is pending */
unsigned needs_binding:1; /* needs delayed unbind/rebind */
unsigned resetting_device:1; /* true: bandwidth alloc after reset */
unsigned authorized:1; /* used for interface authorization */
struct device dev; /* interface specific device info */
struct device *usb_dev;
atomic_t pm_usage_cnt; /* usage counter for autosuspend */
struct work_struct reset_ws; /* for resets in atomic context */
};
/*
* Get the USB config descriptors, cache and parse'em
*
* hub-only!! ... and only in reset path, or usb_new_device()
* (used by real hubs and virtual root hubs)
*/
int usb_get_configuration(struct usb_device *dev)
{
struct device *ddev = &dev->dev;
int ncfg = dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations; //获取配置数量
int result = 0;
unsigned int cfgno, length;
unsigned char *bigbuffer;
struct usb_config_descriptor *desc;
cfgno = 0;
result = -ENOMEM;
if (ncfg > USB_MAXCONFIG) {
dev_warn(ddev, "too many configurations: %d, "
"using maximum allowed: %d\n", ncfg, USB_MAXCONFIG);
dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations = ncfg = USB_MAXCONFIG;
}
if (ncfg < 1) {
dev_err(ddev, "no configurations\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
//usb_host_config 枚举阶段对配置描述符的表示
length = ncfg * sizeof(struct usb_host_config);
//分配usb_host_config数组
dev->config = kzalloc(length, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev->config)
goto err2;
length = ncfg * sizeof(char *);
dev->rawdescriptors = kzalloc(length, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev->rawdescriptors)
goto err2;
desc = kmalloc(USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!desc)
goto err2;
result = 0;
for (; cfgno < ncfg; cfgno++) {
/* We grab just the first descriptor so we know how long
* the whole configuration is */
result = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_CONFIG, cfgno,
desc, USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
if (result < 0) {
dev_err(ddev, "unable to read config index %d "
"descriptor/%s: %d\n", cfgno, "start", result);
if (result != -EPIPE)
goto err;
dev_err(ddev, "chopping to %d config(s)\n", cfgno);
dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations = cfgno;
break;
} else if (result < 4) {
dev_err(ddev, "config index %d descriptor too short "
"(expected %i, got %i)\n", cfgno,
USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE, result);
result = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
length = max((int) le16_to_cpu(desc->wTotalLength),
USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
/* Now that we know the length, get the whole thing */
bigbuffer = kmalloc(length, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!bigbuffer) {
result = -ENOMEM;
goto err;
}
if (dev->quirks & USB_QUIRK_DELAY_INIT)
msleep(200);
//制定读取第n个配置描述符
result = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_CONFIG, cfgno,
bigbuffer, length);
if (result < 0) {
dev_err(ddev, "unable to read config index %d "
"descriptor/%s\n", cfgno, "all");
kfree(bigbuffer);
goto err;
}
if (result < length) {
dev_warn(ddev, "config index %d descriptor too short "
"(expected %i, got %i)\n", cfgno, length, result);
length = result;
}
dev->rawdescriptors[cfgno] = bigbuffer;
result = usb_parse_configuration(dev, cfgno,
&dev->config[cfgno], bigbuffer, length);
if (result < 0) {
++cfgno;
goto err;
}
}
result = 0;
err:
kfree(desc);
dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations = cfgno;
err2:
if (result == -ENOMEM)
dev_err(ddev, "out of memory\n");
return result;
}
root hub driver
在usb_init中有usb_hub_init, usb_hub_init函数注册hub_driver.
static int __init usb_init(void)
{
int retval;
if (usb_disabled()) {
pr_info("%s: USB support disabled\n", usbcore_name);
return 0;
}
usb_init_pool_max();
retval = usb_debugfs_init();
if (retval)
goto out;
usb_acpi_register();
retval = bus_register(&usb_bus_type);
if (retval)
goto bus_register_failed;
retval = bus_register_notifier(&usb_bus_type, &usb_bus_nb);
if (retval)
goto bus_notifier_failed;
retval = usb_major_init();
if (retval)
goto major_init_failed;
retval = usb_register(&usbfs_driver);
if (retval)
goto driver_register_failed;
retval = usb_devio_init();
if (retval)
goto usb_devio_init_failed;
retval = usb_hub_init();
if (retval)
goto hub_init_failed;
retval = usb_register_device_driver(&usb_generic_driver, THIS_MODULE); //注册用来处理usb_device的usb_generic_driver
if (!retval)
goto out;
usb_hub_cleanup();
hub_init_failed:
usb_devio_cleanup();
usb_devio_init_failed:
usb_deregister(&usbfs_driver);
driver_register_failed:
usb_major_cleanup();
major_init_failed:
bus_unregister_notifier(&usb_bus_type, &usb_bus_nb);
bus_notifier_failed:
bus_unregister(&usb_bus_type);
bus_register_failed:
usb_acpi_unregister();
usb_debugfs_cleanup();
out:
return retval;
}
int usb_hub_init(void)
{
if (usb_register(&hub_driver) < 0) { //注册hub_driver, 即把它加入到usb_bus_type中,用来进行usb_interface的匹配
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: can't register hub driver\n",
usbcore_name);
return -1;
}
/*
* The workqueue needs to be freezable to avoid interfering with
* USB-PERSIST port handover. Otherwise it might see that a full-speed
* device was gone before the EHCI controller had handed its port
* over to the companion full-speed controller.
*/
hub_wq = alloc_workqueue("usb_hub_wq", WQ_FREEZABLE, 0); //分配工作队列结构
if (hub_wq)
return 0;
/* Fall through if kernel_thread failed */
usb_deregister(&hub_driver);
pr_err("%s: can't allocate workqueue for usb hub\n", usbcore_name);
return -1;
}
usb interface match
在usb generic driver 的probe中向设备模型中注册usb interface时。usb generic driver匹配match函数如下:
//drivers/usb/core/driver.c
static int usb_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
/* devices and interfaces are handled separately */
if (is_usb_device(dev)) { //如果是usb_devie
/* interface drivers never match devices */
if (!is_usb_device_driver(drv)) //如果不是usb_device_driver,不匹配
return 0;
/* TODO: Add real matching code */
return 1; //是usb_device_driver的话,直接匹配
} else if (is_usb_interface(dev)) {
struct usb_interface *intf;
struct usb_driver *usb_drv;
const struct usb_device_id *id;
/* device drivers never match interfaces */
if (is_usb_device_driver(drv))
return 0;
intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
usb_drv = to_usb_driver(drv);
//下面两个函数用来完成interface和usb driver的匹配
id = usb_match_id(intf, usb_drv->id_table);
if (id)
return 1;
id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, usb_drv);
if (id)
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
struct usb_device_id 结构如下,该结构的解释些的非常详细。
/**
* struct usb_device_id - identifies USB devices for probing and hotplugging
* @match_flags: Bit mask controlling which of the other fields are used to
* match against new devices. Any field except for driver_info may be
* used, although some only make sense in conjunction with other fields.
* This is usually set by a USB_DEVICE_*() macro, which sets all
* other fields in this structure except for driver_info.
* @idVendor: USB vendor ID for a device; numbers are assigned
* by the USB forum to its members.
* @idProduct: Vendor-assigned product ID.
* @bcdDevice_lo: Low end of range of vendor-assigned product version numbers.
* This is also used to identify individual product versions, for
* a range consisting of a single device.
* @bcdDevice_hi: High end of version number range. The range of product
* versions is inclusive.
* @bDeviceClass: Class of device; numbers are assigned
* by the USB forum. Products may choose to implement classes,
* or be vendor-specific. Device classes specify behavior of all
* the interfaces on a device.
* @bDeviceSubClass: Subclass of device; associated with bDeviceClass.
* @bDeviceProtocol: Protocol of device; associated with bDeviceClass.
* @bInterfaceClass: Class of interface; numbers are assigned
* by the USB forum. Products may choose to implement classes,
* or be vendor-specific. Interface classes specify behavior only
* of a given interface; other interfaces may support other classes.
* @bInterfaceSubClass: Subclass of interface; associated with bInterfaceClass.
* @bInterfaceProtocol: Protocol of interface; associated with bInterfaceClass.
* @bInterfaceNumber: Number of interface; composite devices may use
* fixed interface numbers to differentiate between vendor-specific
* interfaces.
* @driver_info: Holds information used by the driver. Usually it holds
* a pointer to a descriptor understood by the driver, or perhaps
* device flags.
*
* In most cases, drivers will create a table of device IDs by using
* USB_DEVICE(), or similar macros designed for that purpose.
* They will then export it to userspace using MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(),
* and provide it to the USB core through their usb_driver structure.
*
* See the usb_match_id() function for information about how matches are
* performed. Briefly, you will normally use one of several macros to help
* construct these entries. Each entry you provide will either identify
* one or more specific products, or will identify a class of products
* which have agreed to behave the same. You should put the more specific
* matches towards the beginning of your table, so that driver_info can
* record quirks of specific products.
*/
struct usb_device_id {
/* which fields to match against? */
__u16 match_flags;
/* Used for product specific matches; range is inclusive */
__u16 idVendor;
__u16 idProduct;
__u16 bcdDevice_lo;
__u16 bcdDevice_hi;
/* Used for device class matches */
__u8 bDeviceClass;
__u8 bDeviceSubClass;
__u8 bDeviceProtocol;
/* Used for interface class matches */
__u8 bInterfaceClass;
__u8 bInterfaceSubClass;
__u8 bInterfaceProtocol;
/* Used for vendor-specific interface matches */
__u8 bInterfaceNumber;
/* not matched against */
kernel_ulong_t driver_info
__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));
};
match的规则是根据match_flags的设置的mask, 对指定的元素进行比较。
/**
* usb_match_id - find first usb_device_id matching device or interface
* @interface: the interface of interest
* @id: array of usb_device_id structures, terminated by zero entry
*
* usb_match_id searches an array of usb_device_id's and returns
* the first one matching the device or interface, or null.
* This is used when binding (or rebinding) a driver to an interface.
* Most USB device drivers will use this indirectly, through the usb core,
* but some layered driver frameworks use it directly.
* These device tables are exported with MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE, through
* modutils, to support the driver loading functionality of USB hotplugging.
*
* Return: The first matching usb_device_id, or %NULL.
*
* What Matches:
*
* The "match_flags" element in a usb_device_id controls which
* members are used. If the corresponding bit is set, the
* value in the device_id must match its corresponding member
* in the device or interface descriptor, or else the device_id
* does not match.
*
* "driver_info" is normally used only by device drivers,
* but you can create a wildcard "matches anything" usb_device_id
* as a driver's "modules.usbmap" entry if you provide an id with
* only a nonzero "driver_info" field. If you do this, the USB device
* driver's probe() routine should use additional intelligence to
* decide whether to bind to the specified interface.
*
* What Makes Good usb_device_id Tables:
*
* The match algorithm is very simple, so that intelligence in
* driver selection must come from smart driver id records.
* Unless you have good reasons to use another selection policy,
* provide match elements only in related groups, and order match
* specifiers from specific to general. Use the macros provided
* for that purpose if you can.
*
* The most specific match specifiers use device descriptor
* data. These are commonly used with product-specific matches;
* the USB_DEVICE macro lets you provide vendor and product IDs,
* and you can also match against ranges of product revisions.
* These are widely used for devices with application or vendor
* specific bDeviceClass values.
*
* Matches based on device class/subclass/protocol specifications
* are slightly more general; use the USB_DEVICE_INFO macro, or
* its siblings. These are used with single-function devices
* where bDeviceClass doesn't specify that each interface has
* its own class.
*
* Matches based on interface class/subclass/protocol are the
* most general; they let drivers bind to any interface on a
* multiple-function device. Use the USB_INTERFACE_INFO
* macro, or its siblings, to match class-per-interface style
* devices (as recorded in bInterfaceClass).
*
* Note that an entry created by USB_INTERFACE_INFO won't match
* any interface if the device class is set to Vendor-Specific.
* This is deliberate; according to the USB spec the meanings of
* the interface class/subclass/protocol for these devices are also
* vendor-specific, and hence matching against a standard product
* class wouldn't work anyway. If you really want to use an
* interface-based match for such a device, create a match record
* that also specifies the vendor ID. (Unforunately there isn't a
* standard macro for creating records like this.)
*
* Within those groups, remember that not all combinations are
* meaningful. For example, don't give a product version range
* without vendor and product IDs; or specify a protocol without
* its associated class and subclass.
*/
const struct usb_device_id *usb_match_id(struct usb_interface *interface,
const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
/* proc_connectinfo in devio.c may call us with id == NULL. */
if (id == NULL)
return NULL;
/* It is important to check that id->driver_info is nonzero,
since an entry that is all zeroes except for a nonzero
id->driver_info is the way to create an entry that
indicates that the driver want to examine every
device and interface. */
for (; id->idVendor || id->idProduct || id->bDeviceClass ||
id->bInterfaceClass || id->driver_info; id++) {
if (usb_match_one_id(interface, id))
return id;
}
return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_match_id);
/* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
int usb_match_one_id(struct usb_interface *interface,
const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
struct usb_host_interface *intf;
struct usb_device *dev;
/* proc_connectinfo in devio.c may call us with id == NULL. */
if (id == NULL)
return 0;
intf = interface->cur_altsetting;
dev = interface_to_usbdev(interface);
if (!usb_match_device(dev, id))
return 0;
return usb_match_one_id_intf(dev, intf, id);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(usb_match_one_id);
/* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
int usb_match_device(struct usb_device *dev, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR) &&
id->idVendor != le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT) &&
id->idProduct != le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct))
return 0;
/* No need to test id->bcdDevice_lo != 0, since 0 is never
greater than any unsigned number. */
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_LO) &&
(id->bcdDevice_lo > le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.bcdDevice)))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_HI) &&
(id->bcdDevice_hi < le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.bcdDevice)))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_CLASS) &&
(id->bDeviceClass != dev->descriptor.bDeviceClass))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_SUBCLASS) &&
(id->bDeviceSubClass != dev->descriptor.bDeviceSubClass))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_PROTOCOL) &&
(id->bDeviceProtocol != dev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol))
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* returns 0 if no match, 1 if match */
int usb_match_one_id_intf(struct usb_device *dev,
struct usb_host_interface *intf,
const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
/* The interface class, subclass, protocol and number should never be
* checked for a match if the device class is Vendor Specific,
* unless the match record specifies the Vendor ID. */
if (dev->descriptor.bDeviceClass == USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC &&
!(id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR) &&
(id->match_flags & (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS |
USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS |
USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL |
USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_NUMBER)))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS) &&
(id->bInterfaceClass != intf->desc.bInterfaceClass))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS) &&
(id->bInterfaceSubClass != intf->desc.bInterfaceSubClass))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL) &&
(id->bInterfaceProtocol != intf->desc.bInterfaceProtocol))
return 0;
if ((id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_NUMBER) &&
(id->bInterfaceNumber != intf->desc.bInterfaceNumber))
return 0;
return 1;
}
匹配成功之后调用hub_probe函数。
//drivers/usb/core/hub.c
static int hub_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
struct usb_host_interface *desc;
struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
struct usb_device *hdev;
struct usb_hub *hub;
desc = intf->cur_altsetting;
hdev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
/*
* Set default autosuspend delay as 0 to speedup bus suspend,
* based on the below considerations:
*
* - Unlike other drivers, the hub driver does not rely on the
* autosuspend delay to provide enough time to handle a wakeup
* event, and the submitted status URB is just to check future
* change on hub downstream ports, so it is safe to do it.
*
* - The patch might cause one or more auto supend/resume for
* below very rare devices when they are plugged into hub
* first time:
*
* devices having trouble initializing, and disconnect
* themselves from the bus and then reconnect a second
* or so later
*
* devices just for downloading firmware, and disconnects
* themselves after completing it
*
* For these quite rare devices, their drivers may change the
* autosuspend delay of their parent hub in the probe() to one
* appropriate value to avoid the subtle problem if someone
* does care it.
*
* - The patch may cause one or more auto suspend/resume on
* hub during running 'lsusb', but it is probably too
* infrequent to worry about.
*
* - Change autosuspend delay of hub can avoid unnecessary auto
* suspend timer for hub, also may decrease power consumption
* of USB bus.
*
* - If user has indicated to prevent autosuspend by passing
* usbcore.autosuspend = -1 then keep autosuspend disabled.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
if (hdev->dev.power.autosuspend_delay >= 0)
pm_runtime_set_autosuspend_delay(&hdev->dev, 0);
#endif
/*
* Hubs have proper suspend/resume support, except for root hubs
* where the controller driver doesn't have bus_suspend and
* bus_resume methods.
*/
if (hdev->parent) { /* normal device */
usb_enable_autosuspend(hdev);
} else { /* root hub */
const struct hc_driver *drv = bus_to_hcd(hdev->bus)->driver;
if (drv->bus_suspend && drv->bus_resume)
usb_enable_autosuspend(hdev);
}
if (hdev->level == MAX_TOPO_LEVEL) {
dev_err(&intf->dev,
"Unsupported bus topology: hub nested too deep\n");
return -E2BIG;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_USB_OTG_BLACKLIST_HUB
if (hdev->parent) {
dev_warn(&intf->dev, "ignoring external hub\n");
return -ENODEV;
}
#endif
/* Some hubs have a subclass of 1, which AFAICT according to the */
/* specs is not defined, but it works */
if ((desc->desc.bInterfaceSubClass != 0) &&
(desc->desc.bInterfaceSubClass != 1)) {
descriptor_error:
dev_err(&intf->dev, "bad descriptor, ignoring hub\n");
return -EIO;
}
/* Multiple endpoints? What kind of mutant ninja-hub is this? */
if (desc->desc.bNumEndpoints != 1)
goto descriptor_error;
endpoint = &desc->endpoint[0].desc;
/* If it's not an interrupt in endpoint, we'd better punt! */
if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint))
goto descriptor_error;
/* We found a hub */
dev_info(&intf->dev, "USB hub found\n");
hub = kzalloc(sizeof(*hub), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!hub)
return -ENOMEM;
kref_init(&hub->kref);
hub->intfdev = &intf->dev;
hub->hdev = hdev;
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&hub->leds, led_work);
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&hub->init_work, NULL);
INIT_WORK(&hub->events, hub_event);
usb_get_intf(intf);
usb_get_dev(hdev);
usb_set_intfdata(intf, hub);
intf->needs_remote_wakeup = 1;
pm_suspend_ignore_children(&intf->dev, true);
if (hdev->speed == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
highspeed_hubs++;
if (id->driver_info & HUB_QUIRK_CHECK_PORT_AUTOSUSPEND)
hub->quirk_check_port_auto_suspend = 1;
if (hub_configure(hub, endpoint) >= 0)
return 0;
hub_disconnect(intf);
return -ENODEV;
}
static int hub_configure(struct usb_hub *hub,
struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint)
{
struct usb_hcd *hcd;
struct usb_device *hdev = hub->hdev;
struct device *hub_dev = hub->intfdev;
u16 hubstatus, hubchange;
u16 wHubCharacteristics;
unsigned int pipe;
int maxp, ret, i;
char *message = "out of memory";
unsigned unit_load;
unsigned full_load;
unsigned maxchild;
hub->buffer = kmalloc(sizeof(*hub->buffer), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!hub->buffer) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail;
}
hub->status = kmalloc(sizeof(*hub->status), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!hub->status) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail;
}
mutex_init(&hub->status_mutex);
hub->descriptor = kzalloc(sizeof(*hub->descriptor), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!hub->descriptor) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail;
}
/* Request the entire hub descriptor.
* hub->descriptor can handle USB_MAXCHILDREN ports,
* but a (non-SS) hub can/will return fewer bytes here.
*/
ret = get_hub_descriptor(hdev, hub->descriptor);
if (ret < 0) {
message = "can't read hub descriptor";
goto fail;
}
maxchild = USB_MAXCHILDREN;
if (hub_is_superspeed(hdev))
maxchild = min_t(unsigned, maxchild, USB_SS_MAXPORTS);
if (hub->descriptor->bNbrPorts > maxchild) {
message = "hub has too many ports!";
ret = -ENODEV;
goto fail;
} else if (hub->descriptor->bNbrPorts == 0) {
message = "hub doesn't have any ports!";
ret = -ENODEV;
goto fail;
}
maxchild = hub->descriptor->bNbrPorts;
dev_info(hub_dev, "%d port%s detected\n", maxchild,
(maxchild == 1) ? "" : "s");
hub->ports = kzalloc(maxchild * sizeof(struct usb_port *), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!hub->ports) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail;
}
wHubCharacteristics = le16_to_cpu(hub->descriptor->wHubCharacteristics);
if (hub_is_superspeed(hdev)) {
unit_load = 150;
full_load = 900;
} else {
unit_load = 100;
full_load = 500;
}
/* FIXME for USB 3.0, skip for now */
if ((wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_COMPOUND) &&
!(hub_is_superspeed(hdev))) {
char portstr[USB_MAXCHILDREN + 1];
for (i = 0; i < maxchild; i++)
portstr[i] = hub->descriptor->u.hs.DeviceRemovable
[((i + 1) / 8)] & (1 << ((i + 1) % 8))
? 'F' : 'R';
portstr[maxchild] = 0;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "compound device; port removable status: %s\n", portstr);
} else
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "standalone hub\n");
switch (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_LPSM) {
case HUB_CHAR_COMMON_LPSM:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "ganged power switching\n");
break;
case HUB_CHAR_INDV_PORT_LPSM:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "individual port power switching\n");
break;
case HUB_CHAR_NO_LPSM:
case HUB_CHAR_LPSM:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "no power switching (usb 1.0)\n");
break;
}
switch (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_OCPM) {
case HUB_CHAR_COMMON_OCPM:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "global over-current protection\n");
break;
case HUB_CHAR_INDV_PORT_OCPM:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "individual port over-current protection\n");
break;
case HUB_CHAR_NO_OCPM:
case HUB_CHAR_OCPM:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "no over-current protection\n");
break;
}
spin_lock_init(&hub->tt.lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&hub->tt.clear_list);
INIT_WORK(&hub->tt.clear_work, hub_tt_work);
switch (hdev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol) {
case USB_HUB_PR_FS:
break;
case USB_HUB_PR_HS_SINGLE_TT:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "Single TT\n");
hub->tt.hub = hdev;
break;
case USB_HUB_PR_HS_MULTI_TT:
ret = usb_set_interface(hdev, 0, 1);
if (ret == 0) {
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "TT per port\n");
hub->tt.multi = 1;
} else
dev_err(hub_dev, "Using single TT (err %d)\n",
ret);
hub->tt.hub = hdev;
break;
case USB_HUB_PR_SS:
/* USB 3.0 hubs don't have a TT */
break;
default:
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "Unrecognized hub protocol %d\n",
hdev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol);
break;
}
/* Note 8 FS bit times == (8 bits / 12000000 bps) ~= 666ns */
switch (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_TTTT) {
case HUB_TTTT_8_BITS:
if (hdev->descriptor.bDeviceProtocol != 0) {
hub->tt.think_time = 666;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "TT requires at most %d "
"FS bit times (%d ns)\n",
8, hub->tt.think_time);
}
break;
case HUB_TTTT_16_BITS:
hub->tt.think_time = 666 * 2;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "TT requires at most %d "
"FS bit times (%d ns)\n",
16, hub->tt.think_time);
break;
case HUB_TTTT_24_BITS:
hub->tt.think_time = 666 * 3;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "TT requires at most %d "
"FS bit times (%d ns)\n",
24, hub->tt.think_time);
break;
case HUB_TTTT_32_BITS:
hub->tt.think_time = 666 * 4;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "TT requires at most %d "
"FS bit times (%d ns)\n",
32, hub->tt.think_time);
break;
}
/* probe() zeroes hub->indicator[] */
if (wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_PORTIND) {
hub->has_indicators = 1;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "Port indicators are supported\n");
}
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "power on to power good time: %dms\n",
hub->descriptor->bPwrOn2PwrGood * 2);
/* power budgeting mostly matters with bus-powered hubs,
* and battery-powered root hubs (may provide just 8 mA).
*/
ret = usb_get_status(hdev, USB_RECIP_DEVICE, 0, &hubstatus);
if (ret) {
message = "can't get hub status";
goto fail;
}
hcd = bus_to_hcd(hdev->bus);
if (hdev == hdev->bus->root_hub) {
if (hcd->power_budget > 0)
hdev->bus_mA = hcd->power_budget;
else
hdev->bus_mA = full_load * maxchild;
if (hdev->bus_mA >= full_load)
hub->mA_per_port = full_load;
else {
hub->mA_per_port = hdev->bus_mA;
hub->limited_power = 1;
}
} else if ((hubstatus & (1 << USB_DEVICE_SELF_POWERED)) == 0) {
int remaining = hdev->bus_mA -
hub->descriptor->bHubContrCurrent;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "hub controller current requirement: %dmA\n",
hub->descriptor->bHubContrCurrent);
hub->limited_power = 1;
if (remaining < maxchild * unit_load)
dev_warn(hub_dev,
"insufficient power available "
"to use all downstream ports\n");
hub->mA_per_port = unit_load; /* 7.2.1 */
} else { /* Self-powered external hub */
/* FIXME: What about battery-powered external hubs that
* provide less current per port? */
hub->mA_per_port = full_load;
}
if (hub->mA_per_port < full_load)
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "%umA bus power budget for each child\n",
hub->mA_per_port);
ret = hub_hub_status(hub, &hubstatus, &hubchange);
if (ret < 0) {
message = "can't get hub status";
goto fail;
}
/* local power status reports aren't always correct */
if (hdev->actconfig->desc.bmAttributes & USB_CONFIG_ATT_SELFPOWER)
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "local power source is %s\n",
(hubstatus & HUB_STATUS_LOCAL_POWER)
? "lost (inactive)" : "good");
if ((wHubCharacteristics & HUB_CHAR_OCPM) == 0)
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "%sover-current condition exists\n",
(hubstatus & HUB_STATUS_OVERCURRENT) ? "" : "no ");
/* set up the interrupt endpoint
* We use the EP's maxpacket size instead of (PORTS+1+7)/8
* bytes as USB2.0[11.12.3] says because some hubs are known
* to send more data (and thus cause overflow). For root hubs,
* maxpktsize is defined in hcd.c's fake endpoint descriptors
* to be big enough for at least USB_MAXCHILDREN ports. */
pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(hdev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
maxp = usb_maxpacket(hdev, pipe, usb_pipeout(pipe));
if (maxp > sizeof(*hub->buffer))
maxp = sizeof(*hub->buffer);
//创建urb,准备发送给hub
hub->urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!hub->urb) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail;
}
usb_fill_int_urb(hub->urb, hdev, pipe, *hub->buffer, maxp, hub_irq,
hub, endpoint->bInterval);
/* maybe cycle the hub leds */
if (hub->has_indicators && blinkenlights)
hub->indicator[0] = INDICATOR_CYCLE;
mutex_lock(&usb_port_peer_mutex);
for (i = 0; i < maxchild; i++) {
ret = usb_hub_create_port_device(hub, i + 1);
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(hub->intfdev,
"couldn't create port%d device.\n", i + 1);
break;
}
}
hdev->maxchild = i;
for (i = 0; i < hdev->maxchild; i++) {
struct usb_port *port_dev = hub->ports[i];
pm_runtime_put(&port_dev->dev);
}
mutex_unlock(&usb_port_peer_mutex);
if (ret < 0)
goto fail;
/* Update the HCD's internal representation of this hub before hub_wq
* starts getting port status changes for devices under the hub.
*/
if (hcd->driver->update_hub_device) {
ret = hcd->driver->update_hub_device(hcd, hdev,
&hub->tt, GFP_KERNEL);
if (ret < 0) {
message = "can't update HCD hub info";
goto fail;
}
}
usb_hub_adjust_deviceremovable(hdev, hub->descriptor);
hub_activate(hub, HUB_INIT);
return 0;
fail:
dev_err(hub_dev, "config failed, %s (err %d)\n",
message, ret);
/* hub_disconnect() frees urb and descriptor */
return ret;
}
hub_configure函数的过程如下图所描述,在创建port_device之前,hub_configure会创建并填充一个内容为空的int urb,准备发送给hub。这个urb用来触发hub_event, 检测port状态的改变。
struct usb_hub 结构
struct usb_hub {
struct device *intfdev; /* the "interface" device */
struct usb_device *hdev;
struct kref kref;
struct urb *urb; /* for interrupt polling pipe */
/* buffer for urb ... with extra space in case of babble */
u8 (*buffer)[8];
union {
struct usb_hub_status hub;
struct usb_port_status port;
} *status; /* buffer for status reports */
struct mutex status_mutex; /* for the status buffer */
int error; /* last reported error */
int nerrors; /* track consecutive errors */
//根据下边的bit数组值的改变执行响应动作
unsigned long event_bits[1]; /* status change bitmask */
unsigned long change_bits[1]; /* ports with logical connect
status change */
unsigned long removed_bits[1]; /* ports with a "removed"
device present */
unsigned long wakeup_bits[1]; /* ports that have signaled
remote wakeup */
unsigned long power_bits[1]; /* ports that are powered */
unsigned long child_usage_bits[1]; /* ports powered on for
children */
unsigned long warm_reset_bits[1]; /* ports requesting warm
reset recovery */
#if USB_MAXCHILDREN > 31 /* 8*sizeof(unsigned long) - 1 */
#error event_bits[] is too short!
#endif
struct usb_hub_descriptor *descriptor; /* class descriptor */
struct usb_tt tt; /* Transaction Translator */
unsigned mA_per_port; /* current for each child */
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
unsigned wakeup_enabled_descendants;
#endif
unsigned limited_power:1;
unsigned quiescing:1;
unsigned disconnected:1;
unsigned in_reset:1;
unsigned quirk_check_port_auto_suspend:1;
unsigned has_indicators:1;
u8 indicator[USB_MAXCHILDREN];
struct delayed_work leds;
struct delayed_work init_work;
struct work_struct events;
struct usb_port **ports;
};
struct usb_port {
struct usb_device *child;
struct device dev; //需要加入到设备模型
struct usb_dev_state *port_owner;
struct usb_port *peer;
struct dev_pm_qos_request *req;
enum usb_port_connect_type connect_type;
usb_port_location_t location;
struct mutex status_lock;
u8 portnum;
unsigned int is_superspeed:1;
unsigned int usb3_lpm_u1_permit:1;
unsigned int usb3_lpm_u2_permit:1;
};
struct usb_hub_descriptor {
__u8 bDescLength;
__u8 bDescriptorType;
__u8 bNbrPorts;
__le16 wHubCharacteristics;
__u8 bPwrOn2PwrGood;
__u8 bHubContrCurrent;
/* 2.0 and 3.0 hubs differ here */
union {
struct {
/* add 1 bit for hub status change; round to bytes */
__u8 DeviceRemovable[(USB_MAXCHILDREN + 1 + 7) / 8];
__u8 PortPwrCtrlMask[(USB_MAXCHILDREN + 1 + 7) / 8];
} __attribute__ ((packed)) hs;
struct {
__u8 bHubHdrDecLat;
__le16 wHubDelay;
__le16 DeviceRemovable;
} __attribute__ ((packed)) ss;
} u;
} __attribute__ ((packed));
hub_descriptor的填充
static void
ehci_hub_descriptor (
struct ehci_hcd *ehci,
struct usb_hub_descriptor *desc
) {
int ports = HCS_N_PORTS (ehci->hcs_params);
u16 temp;
desc->bDescriptorType = USB_DT_HUB;
desc->bPwrOn2PwrGood = 10; /* ehci 1.0, 2.3.9 says 20ms max */
desc->bHubContrCurrent = 0;
desc->bNbrPorts = ports;
temp = 1 + (ports / 8);
desc->bDescLength = 7 + 2 * temp;
pr_info("usb ports are %d\n", ports);
/* two bitmaps: ports removable, and usb 1.0 legacy PortPwrCtrlMask */
memset(&desc->u.hs.DeviceRemovable[0], 0, temp);
memset(&desc->u.hs.DeviceRemovable[temp], 0xff, temp);
temp = HUB_CHAR_INDV_PORT_OCPM; /* per-port overcurrent reporting */
if (HCS_PPC (ehci->hcs_params))
temp |= HUB_CHAR_INDV_PORT_LPSM; /* per-port power control */
else
temp |= HUB_CHAR_NO_LPSM; /* no power switching */
#if 0
// re-enable when we support USB_PORT_FEAT_INDICATOR below.
if (HCS_INDICATOR (ehci->hcs_params))
temp |= HUB_CHAR_PORTIND; /* per-port indicators (LEDs) */
#endif
desc->wHubCharacteristics = cpu_to_le16(temp);
}
static void hub_activate(struct usb_hub *hub, enum hub_activation_type type)
{
struct usb_device *hdev = hub->hdev;
struct usb_hcd *hcd;
int ret;
int port1;
int status;
bool need_debounce_delay = false;
unsigned delay;
/* Continue a partial initialization */
if (type == HUB_INIT2 || type == HUB_INIT3) { //2 3次部分初始化
device_lock(&hdev->dev);
/* Was the hub disconnected while we were waiting? */
if (hub->disconnected)
goto disconnected;
if (type == HUB_INIT2)
goto init2;
goto init3;
}
kref_get(&hub->kref);
/* The superspeed hub except for root hub has to use Hub Depth
* value as an offset into the route string to locate the bits
* it uses to determine the downstream port number. So hub driver
* should send a set hub depth request to superspeed hub after
* the superspeed hub is set configuration in initialization or
* reset procedure.
*
* After a resume, port power should still be on.
* For any other type of activation, turn it on.
*/
if (type != HUB_RESUME) {
if (hdev->parent && hub_is_superspeed(hdev)) {
ret = usb_control_msg(hdev, usb_sndctrlpipe(hdev, 0),
HUB_SET_DEPTH, USB_RT_HUB,
hdev->level - 1, 0, NULL, 0,
USB_CTRL_SET_TIMEOUT);
if (ret < 0)
dev_err(hub->intfdev,
"set hub depth failed\n");
}
/* Speed up system boot by using a delayed_work for the
* hub's initial power-up delays. This is pretty awkward
* and the implementation looks like a home-brewed sort of
* setjmp/longjmp, but it saves at least 100 ms for each
* root hub (assuming usbcore is compiled into the kernel
* rather than as a module). It adds up.
*
* This can't be done for HUB_RESUME or HUB_RESET_RESUME
* because for those activation types the ports have to be
* operational when we return. In theory this could be done
* for HUB_POST_RESET, but it's easier not to.
*/
if (type == HUB_INIT) {//第一次初始化
delay = hub_power_on_good_delay(hub);
hub_power_on(hub, false); //断电指定的port,向hub发送setportfeature request 给port断电
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&hub->init_work, hub_init_func2);
queue_delayed_work(system_power_efficient_wq,
&hub->init_work,
msecs_to_jiffies(delay)); //启动第二次初始化
/* Suppress autosuspend until init is done */
usb_autopm_get_interface_no_resume(
to_usb_interface(hub->intfdev));
return; /* Continues at init2: below */
} else if (type == HUB_RESET_RESUME) {
/* The internal host controller state for the hub device
* may be gone after a host power loss on system resume.
* Update the device's info so the HW knows it's a hub.
*/
hcd = bus_to_hcd(hdev->bus);
if (hcd->driver->update_hub_device) {
ret = hcd->driver->update_hub_device(hcd, hdev,
&hub->tt, GFP_NOIO);
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(hub->intfdev, "Host not "
"accepting hub info "
"update.\n");
dev_err(hub->intfdev, "LS/FS devices "
"and hubs may not work "
"under this hub\n.");
}
}
hub_power_on(hub, true);
} else {
hub_power_on(hub, true);//第二次初始化,先给制定port上电
}
}
init2:
/*
* Check each port and set hub->change_bits to let hub_wq know
* which ports need attention.
*/
for (port1 = 1; port1 <= hdev->maxchild; ++port1) {
struct usb_port *port_dev = hub->ports[port1 - 1];
struct usb_device *udev = port_dev->child;
u16 portstatus, portchange;
portstatus = portchange = 0;
status = hub_port_status(hub, port1, &portstatus, &portchange);//发送get port status request获取portstatus,portstatus 详细内容参考usb2.0 spec 11.24.2.7
if (status)
goto abort;
if (udev || (portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_CONNECTION)) //port 下的设备已经存在或者已经有设备连接到port
dev_dbg(&port_dev->dev, "status %04x change %04x\n",
portstatus, portchange);
/*
* After anything other than HUB_RESUME (i.e., initialization
* or any sort of reset), every port should be disabled.
* Unconnected ports should likewise be disabled (paranoia),
* and so should ports for which we have no usb_device.
*/
if ((portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_ENABLE) && (
type != HUB_RESUME ||
!(portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_CONNECTION) ||
!udev ||
udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED)) {
/*
* USB3 protocol ports will automatically transition
* to Enabled state when detect an USB3.0 device attach.
* Do not disable USB3 protocol ports, just pretend
* power was lost
*/
//当port被enable,并且此时不是挂起HUB操作或者port没有被连接或者该port下的设备不存在或者设备已经存在但没有到attach状态
portstatus &= ~USB_PORT_STAT_ENABLE;
if (!hub_is_superspeed(hdev))
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_ENABLE);//取消enable状态
}
/* Clear status-change flags; we'll debounce later */
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_CONNECTION) {
need_debounce_delay = true;
usb_clear_port_feature(hub->hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_CONNECTION);
}
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_ENABLE) {
need_debounce_delay = true;
usb_clear_port_feature(hub->hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_ENABLE);
}
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_RESET) {
need_debounce_delay = true;
usb_clear_port_feature(hub->hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_RESET);
}
if ((portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_BH_RESET) &&
hub_is_superspeed(hub->hdev)) {
need_debounce_delay = true;
usb_clear_port_feature(hub->hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_BH_PORT_RESET);
}
/* We can forget about a "removed" device when there's a
* physical disconnect or the connect status changes.
*/
if (!(portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_CONNECTION) ||
(portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_CONNECTION))//port下设备被断开
clear_bit(port1, hub->removed_bits);
if (!udev || udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED) {
/* Tell hub_wq to disconnect the device or
* check for a new connection
*/
if (udev || (portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_CONNECTION) ||
(portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_OVERCURRENT))
set_bit(port1, hub->change_bits);
} else if (portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_ENABLE) {
bool port_resumed = (portstatus &
USB_PORT_STAT_LINK_STATE) ==
USB_SS_PORT_LS_U0;
/* The power session apparently survived the resume.
* If there was an overcurrent or suspend change
* (i.e., remote wakeup request), have hub_wq
* take care of it. Look at the port link state
* for USB 3.0 hubs, since they don't have a suspend
* change bit, and they don't set the port link change
* bit on device-initiated resume.
*/
if (portchange || (hub_is_superspeed(hub->hdev) &&
port_resumed))
set_bit(port1, hub->change_bits);
} else if (udev->persist_enabled) {
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
udev->reset_resume = 1;
#endif
/* Don't set the change_bits when the device
* was powered off.
*/
if (test_bit(port1, hub->power_bits))
set_bit(port1, hub->change_bits);
} else {
/* The power session is gone; tell hub_wq */
usb_set_device_state(udev, USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED);
set_bit(port1, hub->change_bits);
}
}
/* If no port-status-change flags were set, we don't need any
* debouncing. If flags were set we can try to debounce the
* ports all at once right now, instead of letting hub_wq do them
* one at a time later on.
*
* If any port-status changes do occur during this delay, hub_wq
* will see them later and handle them normally.
*/
if (need_debounce_delay) {
delay = HUB_DEBOUNCE_STABLE;
/* Don't do a long sleep inside a workqueue routine */
if (type == HUB_INIT2) {
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&hub->init_work, hub_init_func3);
queue_delayed_work(system_power_efficient_wq,
&hub->init_work,
msecs_to_jiffies(delay));
device_unlock(&hdev->dev);
return; /* Continues at init3: below */
} else {
msleep(delay);
}
}
init3:
hub->quiescing = 0;
//第三次初始化,发送空urb,处理完成后会调用complete回调函数,这里是hub_irq
status = usb_submit_urb(hub->urb, GFP_NOIO);
if (status < 0)
dev_err(hub->intfdev, "activate --> %d\n", status);
if (hub->has_indicators && blinkenlights)
queue_delayed_work(system_power_efficient_wq,
&hub->leds, LED_CYCLE_PERIOD);
/* Scan all ports that need attention 启动hub_event*/
kick_hub_wq(hub);
abort:
if (type == HUB_INIT2 || type == HUB_INIT3) {
/* Allow autosuspend if it was suppressed */
disconnected:
usb_autopm_put_interface_async(to_usb_interface(hub->intfdev));
device_unlock(&hdev->dev);
}
kref_put(&hub->kref, hub_release);
}
第三次初始化时,usb_submit_urb( )提交中断urb。hub处理中断urb的方式如下:
static int rh_queue_status (struct usb_hcd *hcd, struct urb *urb)
{
int retval;
unsigned long flags;
unsigned len = 1 + (urb->dev->maxchild / 8);
spin_lock_irqsave (&hcd_root_hub_lock, flags);
if (hcd->status_urb || urb->transfer_buffer_length < len) {
dev_dbg (hcd->self.controller, "not queuing rh status urb\n");
retval = -EINVAL;
goto done;
}
retval = usb_hcd_link_urb_to_ep(hcd, urb);
if (retval)
goto done;
hcd->status_urb = urb;
urb->hcpriv = hcd; /* indicate it's queued */
if (!hcd->uses_new_polling)
mod_timer(&hcd->rh_timer, (jiffies/(HZ/4) + 1) * (HZ/4));
/* If a status change has already occurred, report it ASAP */
else if (HCD_POLL_PENDING(hcd))//在pending 位设置了之后启动rh_timer定时器,否则就什么也不做。
mod_timer(&hcd->rh_timer, jiffies);
retval = 0;
done:
spin_unlock_irqrestore (&hcd_root_hub_lock, flags);
return retval;
}
submit_urb()后,启动hub_event( );
在hub_event( )中进行port 状态改变处理和hub 状态改变处理。
static void hub_event(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct usb_device *hdev;
struct usb_interface *intf;
struct usb_hub *hub;
struct device *hub_dev;
u16 hubstatus;
u16 hubchange;
int i, ret;
hub = container_of(work, struct usb_hub, events);
hdev = hub->hdev;
hub_dev = hub->intfdev;
intf = to_usb_interface(hub_dev);
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "state %d ports %d chg %04x evt %04x\n",
hdev->state, hdev->maxchild,
/* NOTE: expects max 15 ports... */
(u16) hub->change_bits[0],
(u16) hub->event_bits[0]);
/* Lock the device, then check to see if we were
* disconnected while waiting for the lock to succeed. */
usb_lock_device(hdev);
if (unlikely(hub->disconnected))
goto out_hdev_lock;
/* If the hub has died, clean up after it */
if (hdev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED) {
hub->error = -ENODEV;
hub_quiesce(hub, HUB_DISCONNECT);
goto out_hdev_lock;
}
/* Autoresume */
ret = usb_autopm_get_interface(intf);
if (ret) {
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "Can't autoresume: %d\n", ret);
goto out_hdev_lock;
}
/* If this is an inactive hub, do nothing */
if (hub->quiescing)
goto out_autopm;
if (hub->error) {
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "resetting for error %d\n", hub->error);
ret = usb_reset_device(hdev);
if (ret) {
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "error resetting hub: %d\n", ret);
goto out_autopm;
}
hub->nerrors = 0;
hub->error = 0;
}
/* deal with port status changes */
for (i = 1; i <= hdev->maxchild; i++) {
struct usb_port *port_dev = hub->ports[i - 1];
//端口状态改变处理
if (test_bit(i, hub->event_bits)
|| test_bit(i, hub->change_bits)
|| test_bit(i, hub->wakeup_bits)) {
/*
* The get_noresume and barrier ensure that if
* the port was in the process of resuming, we
* flush that work and keep the port active for
* the duration of the port_event(). However,
* if the port is runtime pm suspended
* (powered-off), we leave it in that state, run
* an abbreviated port_event(), and move on.
*/
pm_runtime_get_noresume(&port_dev->dev);
pm_runtime_barrier(&port_dev->dev);
usb_lock_port(port_dev);
port_event(hub, i);
usb_unlock_port(port_dev);
pm_runtime_put_sync(&port_dev->dev);
}
}
/* deal with hub status changes hub状态改变处理过程*/
if (test_and_clear_bit(0, hub->event_bits) == 0)
; /* do nothing */
else if (hub_hub_status(hub, &hubstatus, &hubchange) < 0)
dev_err(hub_dev, "get_hub_status failed\n");
else {
if (hubchange & HUB_CHANGE_LOCAL_POWER) {
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "power change\n");
clear_hub_feature(hdev, C_HUB_LOCAL_POWER);
if (hubstatus & HUB_STATUS_LOCAL_POWER)
/* FIXME: Is this always true? */
hub->limited_power = 1;
else
hub->limited_power = 0;
}
if (hubchange & HUB_CHANGE_OVERCURRENT) {
u16 status = 0;
u16 unused;
dev_dbg(hub_dev, "over-current change\n");
clear_hub_feature(hdev, C_HUB_OVER_CURRENT);
msleep(500); /* Cool down */
hub_power_on(hub, true);
hub_hub_status(hub, &status, &unused);
if (status & HUB_STATUS_OVERCURRENT)
dev_err(hub_dev, "over-current condition\n");
}
}
out_autopm:
/* Balance the usb_autopm_get_interface() above */
usb_autopm_put_interface_no_suspend(intf);
out_hdev_lock:
usb_unlock_device(hdev);
/* Balance the stuff in kick_hub_wq() and allow autosuspend */
usb_autopm_put_interface(intf);
kref_put(&hub->kref, hub_release);
}
hub_event 所做的事由下图所示:
参考最上面的讨论,usb_new_device中完成了枚举和usb_device的添加,利用generic driver framework,interface被选择和加入,usb_driver这时被启动。
当有设备被检测到时,port_event( )被调用,port_event( )中会执行一系列的获取port_status和clear_port_feature的动作。
static void port_event(struct usb_hub *hub, int port1)
__must_hold(&port_dev->status_lock)
{
int connect_change;
struct usb_port *port_dev = hub->ports[port1 - 1];
struct usb_device *udev = port_dev->child;
struct usb_device *hdev = hub->hdev;
u16 portstatus, portchange;
connect_change = test_bit(port1, hub->change_bits);
clear_bit(port1, hub->event_bits);
clear_bit(port1, hub->wakeup_bits);
//发送get_port_status 0xa3
if (hub_port_status(hub, port1, &portstatus, &portchange) < 0)
return;
pr_info("port event status:0x%x, portchange:0x%x\n", portstatus, portchange);
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_CONNECTION) {
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1, USB_PORT_FEAT_C_CONNECTION);
connect_change = 1;
}
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_ENABLE) {
if (!connect_change)
dev_dbg(&port_dev->dev, "enable change, status %08x\n",
portstatus);
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1, USB_PORT_FEAT_C_ENABLE);
/*
* EM interference sometimes causes badly shielded USB devices
* to be shutdown by the hub, this hack enables them again.
* Works at least with mouse driver.
*/
if (!(portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_ENABLE)
&& !connect_change && udev) {
dev_err(&port_dev->dev, "disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...\n");
connect_change = 1;
}
}
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_OVERCURRENT) {
u16 status = 0, unused;
dev_dbg(&port_dev->dev, "over-current change\n");
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_OVER_CURRENT);
msleep(100); /* Cool down */
hub_power_on(hub, true);
hub_port_status(hub, port1, &status, &unused);
if (status & USB_PORT_STAT_OVERCURRENT)
dev_err(&port_dev->dev, "over-current condition\n");
}
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_RESET) {
dev_dbg(&port_dev->dev, "reset change\n");
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1, USB_PORT_FEAT_C_RESET);
}
if ((portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_BH_RESET)
&& hub_is_superspeed(hdev)) {
dev_dbg(&port_dev->dev, "warm reset change\n");
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_BH_PORT_RESET);
}
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_LINK_STATE) {
dev_dbg(&port_dev->dev, "link state change\n");
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_PORT_LINK_STATE);
}
if (portchange & USB_PORT_STAT_C_CONFIG_ERROR) {
dev_warn(&port_dev->dev, "config error\n");
usb_clear_port_feature(hdev, port1,
USB_PORT_FEAT_C_PORT_CONFIG_ERROR);
}
/* skip port actions that require the port to be powered on */
if (!pm_runtime_active(&port_dev->dev))
return;
if (hub_handle_remote_wakeup(hub, port1, portstatus, portchange))
connect_change = 1;
/*
* Warm reset a USB3 protocol port if it's in
* SS.Inactive state.
*/
if (hub_port_warm_reset_required(hub, port1, portstatus)) {
dev_dbg(&port_dev->dev, "do warm reset\n");
if (!udev || !(portstatus & USB_PORT_STAT_CONNECTION)
|| udev->state == USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED) {
if (hub_port_reset(hub, port1, NULL,
HUB_BH_RESET_TIME, true) < 0)
hub_port_disable(hub, port1, 1);
} else {
usb_unlock_port(port_dev);
usb_lock_device(udev);
usb_reset_device(udev);
usb_unlock_device(udev);
usb_lock_port(port_dev);
connect_change = 0;
}
}
if (connect_change)
hub_port_connect_change(hub, port1, portstatus, portchange);
}
hub_configure( )执行完成之后,usb_hub结构中的bit数组里边都没有值,所以hub_event( )执行一次后退出,提交的int urb没有被give back. 在hub_probe当中,hub被启用,等待中断的触发。
设备插入port
82580880 450857423 C Ii:1:001:1 0:2048 1 = 02
82580880 450857469 S Ii:1:001:1 -150:2048 4 <
81ed6880 450857712 S Ci:1:001:0 s a3 00 0000 0001 0004 4 <
81ed6880 450857791 C Ci:1:001:0 0 4 = 01050100
有设备插入host时,第一条message是中断消息的giveback.
下面是ehci host的中断处理函数,重要函数中处理三种通知。
- 数据传输完成
- 传输错误
- 端口状态改变
这里主要关注端口改变的过程。
static irqreturn_t ehci_irq (struct usb_hcd *hcd)
{
struct ehci_hcd *ehci = hcd_to_ehci (hcd);
u32 status, masked_status, pcd_status = 0, cmd;
int bh;
unsigned long flags;
/*
* For threadirqs option we use spin_lock_irqsave() variant to prevent
* deadlock with ehci hrtimer callback, because hrtimer callbacks run
* in interrupt context even when threadirqs is specified. We can go
* back to spin_lock() variant when hrtimer callbacks become threaded.
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&ehci->lock, flags);
status = ehci_readl(ehci, &ehci->regs->status);
/* e.g. cardbus physical eject */
if (status == ~(u32) 0) {
ehci_dbg (ehci, "device removed\n");
goto dead;
}
/*
* We don't use STS_FLR, but some controllers don't like it to
* remain on, so mask it out along with the other status bits.
*/
masked_status = status & (INTR_MASK | STS_FLR);
/* Shared IRQ? */
if (!masked_status || unlikely(ehci->rh_state == EHCI_RH_HALTED)) {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ehci->lock, flags);
return IRQ_NONE;
}
/* clear (just) interrupts */
ehci_writel(ehci, masked_status, &ehci->regs->status);
cmd = ehci_readl(ehci, &ehci->regs->command);
bh = 0;
/* normal [4.15.1.2] or error [4.15.1.1] completion */
if (likely ((status & (STS_INT|STS_ERR)) != 0)) {
if (likely ((status & STS_ERR) == 0))
COUNT (ehci->stats.normal);
else
COUNT (ehci->stats.error);
bh = 1;
}
/* complete the unlinking of some qh [4.15.2.3] */
if (status & STS_IAA) {
/* Turn off the IAA watchdog */
ehci->enabled_hrtimer_events &= ~BIT(EHCI_HRTIMER_IAA_WATCHDOG);
/*
* Mild optimization: Allow another IAAD to reset the
* hrtimer, if one occurs before the next expiration.
* In theory we could always cancel the hrtimer, but
* tests show that about half the time it will be reset
* for some other event anyway.
*/
if (ehci->next_hrtimer_event == EHCI_HRTIMER_IAA_WATCHDOG)
++ehci->next_hrtimer_event;
/* guard against (alleged) silicon errata */
if (cmd & CMD_IAAD)
ehci_dbg(ehci, "IAA with IAAD still set?\n");
if (ehci->iaa_in_progress)
COUNT(ehci->stats.iaa);
end_iaa_cycle(ehci);
}
/* remote wakeup [4.3.1] 处理端口状态改变*/
if (status & STS_PCD) {
unsigned i = HCS_N_PORTS (ehci->hcs_params);
u32 ppcd = ~0;
/* kick root hub later */
pcd_status = status;
/* resume root hub? */
if (ehci->rh_state == EHCI_RH_SUSPENDED)
usb_hcd_resume_root_hub(hcd);
/* get per-port change detect bits */
if (ehci->has_ppcd)
ppcd = status >> 16;
ehci_info(ehci, "enter ehci pcd portion\n");
while (i--) {
int pstatus;
/* leverage per-port change bits feature */
if (!(ppcd & (1 << i)))
continue;
pstatus = ehci_readl(ehci,
&ehci->regs->port_status[i]);
ehci_info(ehci, "pcd status 0x%x\n", pstatus);
if (pstatus & PORT_OWNER)
continue;
if (!(test_bit(i, &ehci->suspended_ports) &&
((pstatus & PORT_RESUME) ||
!(pstatus & PORT_SUSPEND)) &&
(pstatus & PORT_PE) &&
ehci->reset_done[i] == 0)) //从此处 continue
continue;
/* start USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT msec resume signaling from
* this port, and make hub_wq collect
* PORT_STAT_C_SUSPEND to stop that signaling.
*/
ehci->reset_done[i] = jiffies +
msecs_to_jiffies(USB_RESUME_TIMEOUT);
set_bit(i, &ehci->resuming_ports);
ehci_dbg (ehci, "port %d remote wakeup\n", i + 1);
usb_hcd_start_port_resume(&hcd->self, i);
mod_timer(&hcd->rh_timer, ehci->reset_done[i]);
}
}
/* PCI errors [4.15.2.4] */
if (unlikely ((status & STS_FATAL) != 0)) {
ehci_err(ehci, "fatal error\n");
dbg_cmd(ehci, "fatal", cmd);
dbg_status(ehci, "fatal", status);
dead:
usb_hc_died(hcd);
/* Don't let the controller do anything more */
ehci->shutdown = true;
ehci->rh_state = EHCI_RH_STOPPING;
ehci->command &= ~(CMD_RUN | CMD_ASE | CMD_PSE);
ehci_writel(ehci, ehci->command, &ehci->regs->command);
ehci_writel(ehci, 0, &ehci->regs->intr_enable);
ehci_handle_controller_death(ehci);
/* Handle completions when the controller stops */
bh = 0;
}
if (bh)
ehci_work (ehci);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ehci->lock, flags);
if (pcd_status)
usb_hcd_poll_rh_status(hcd);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
处理状态改变的函数是usb_hcd_poll_rh_status( ),
/*
* Root Hub interrupt transfers are polled using a timer if the
* driver requests it; otherwise the driver is responsible for
* calling usb_hcd_poll_rh_status() when an event occurs.
*
* Completions are called in_interrupt(), but they may or may not
* be in_irq().
*/
void usb_hcd_poll_rh_status(struct usb_hcd *hcd)
{
struct urb *urb;
int length;
unsigned long flags;
char buffer[6]; /* Any root hubs with > 31 ports? */
if (unlikely(!hcd->rh_pollable))
return;
if (!hcd->uses_new_polling && !hcd->status_urb)
return;
//获取状态值
length = hcd->driver->hub_status_data(hcd, buffer);
if (length > 0) {
/* try to complete the status urb */
spin_lock_irqsave(&hcd_root_hub_lock, flags);
urb = hcd->status_urb;
//如果已经提交了获取状态的urb, 将状态值拷贝进入urb,并把urb giveback
if (urb) {
clear_bit(HCD_FLAG_POLL_PENDING, &hcd->flags);
hcd->status_urb = NULL;
urb->actual_length = length;
memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer, buffer, length);
usb_hcd_unlink_urb_from_ep(hcd, urb);
usb_hcd_giveback_urb(hcd, urb, 0);
} else {
//若此时没有已经提交的urb,则设置poll_pending标志。
length = 0;
set_bit(HCD_FLAG_POLL_PENDING, &hcd->flags);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&hcd_root_hub_lock, flags);
}
/* The USB 2.0 spec says 256 ms. This is close enough and won't
* exceed that limit if HZ is 100. The math is more clunky than
* maybe expected, this is to make sure that all timers for USB devices
* fire at the same time to give the CPU a break in between */
if (hcd->uses_new_polling ? HCD_POLL_RH(hcd) :
(length == 0 && hcd->status_urb != NULL))
mod_timer (&hcd->rh_timer, (jiffies/(HZ/4) + 1) * (HZ/4));
}
假设有设备插入的时候恰好没有提交的status urb,此时开启rh_timer.
rh_timer的处理函数rh_timer_func
static void rh_timer_func (unsigned long _hcd)
{
usb_hcd_poll_rh_status((struct usb_hcd *) _hcd);
}
在有pending 标志时,submit_urb时,直接启动定时器调用rh_timer_func,处理提交urb.
giveback urb时,主要动作是调用complete( )回调函数,提交的中断urb的回调函数是hub_irq.
hub_irq 用urb中获得状态字填充event_bit数组,启动hub_event进行处理。
/* completion function, fires on port status changes and various faults */
static void hub_irq(struct urb *urb)
{
struct usb_hub *hub = urb->context;
int status = urb->status;
unsigned i;
unsigned long bits;
switch (status) {
case -ENOENT: /* synchronous unlink */
case -ECONNRESET: /* async unlink */
case -ESHUTDOWN: /* hardware going away */
return;
default: /* presumably an error */
/* Cause a hub reset after 10 consecutive errors */
dev_dbg(hub->intfdev, "transfer --> %d\n", status);
if ((++hub->nerrors < 10) || hub->error)
goto resubmit;
hub->error = status;
/* FALL THROUGH */
/* let hub_wq handle things */
case 0: /* we got data: port status changed*/
bits = 0;
for (i = 0; i < urb->actual_length; ++i)
bits |= ((unsigned long) ((*hub->buffer)[i]))
<< (i*8);
hub->event_bits[0] = bits;
break;
}
hub->nerrors = 0;
/* Something happened, let hub_wq figure it out 启动hub_event*/
kick_hub_wq(hub);
resubmit:
if (hub->quiescing)
return;
status = usb_submit_urb(hub->urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (status != 0 && status != -ENODEV && status != -EPERM)
dev_err(hub->intfdev, "resubmit --> %d\n", status);
}
最后看一下获取状态值的操作,有利于后边debug时,分析状态字。
length = hcd->driver->hub_status_data(hcd, buffer);
/* build "status change" packet (one or two bytes) from HC registers */
static int
ehci_hub_status_data (struct usb_hcd *hcd, char *buf)
{
struct ehci_hcd *ehci = hcd_to_ehci (hcd);
u32 temp, status;
u32 mask;
int ports, i, retval = 1;
unsigned long flags;
u32 ppcd = ~0;
/* init status to no-changes */
buf [0] = 0;
ports = HCS_N_PORTS (ehci->hcs_params);
if (ports > 7) {
buf [1] = 0;
retval++;
}
/* Inform the core about resumes-in-progress by returning
* a non-zero value even if there are no status changes.
*/
status = ehci->resuming_ports;
/* Some boards (mostly VIA?) report bogus overcurrent indications,
* causing massive log spam unless we completely ignore them. It
* may be relevant that VIA VT8235 controllers, where PORT_POWER is
* always set, seem to clear PORT_OCC and PORT_CSC when writing to
* PORT_POWER; that's surprising, but maybe within-spec.
*/
if (!ignore_oc)
mask = PORT_CSC | PORT_PEC | PORT_OCC;
else
mask = PORT_CSC | PORT_PEC;
// PORT_RESUME from hardware ~= PORT_STAT_C_SUSPEND
/* no hub change reports (bit 0) for now (power, ...) */
/* port N changes (bit N)? */
spin_lock_irqsave (&ehci->lock, flags);
/* get per-port change detect bits */
if (ehci->has_ppcd)
ppcd = ehci_readl(ehci, &ehci->regs->status) >> 16;
for (i = 0; i < ports; i++) {
/* leverage per-port change bits feature */
if (ppcd & (1 << i))
temp = ehci_readl(ehci, &ehci->regs->port_status[i]);
else
temp = 0;
/*
* Return status information even for ports with OWNER set.
* Otherwise hub_wq wouldn't see the disconnect event when a
* high-speed device is switched over to the companion
* controller by the user.
*/
if ((temp & mask) != 0 || test_bit(i, &ehci->port_c_suspend)
|| (ehci->reset_done[i] && time_after_eq(
jiffies, ehci->reset_done[i]))) {
if (i < 7)
buf [0] |= 1 << (i + 1);
else
buf [1] |= 1 << (i - 7);
status = STS_PCD;
}
}
/* If a resume is in progress, make sure it can finish */
if (ehci->resuming_ports)
mod_timer(&hcd->rh_timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(25));
spin_unlock_irqrestore (&ehci->lock, flags);
return status ? retval : 0;
}
port status
/* 31:23 reserved */
#define PORT_USB11(x) (((x)&(3<<10)) == (1<<10)) /* USB 1.1 device */
#define PORT_RESET (1<<8) /* reset port */
#define PORT_SUSPEND (1<<7) /* suspend port */
#define PORT_RESUME (1<<6) /* resume it */
#define PORT_PEC (1<<3) /* port enable change */
#define PORT_PE (1<<2) /* port enable */
#define PORT_CSC (1<<1) /* connect status change */
#define PORT_CONNECT (1<<0) /* device connected */
#define PORT_RWC_BITS (PORT_CSC | PORT_PEC)