YII2 邮件插件SwiftMailer使用SendMail本地邮件服务器发送

1.YII中对于SwiftMailer的默认配置

在common\config\main.php中，有如下代码：

        'mailer' => [
            'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
            'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
            // send all mails to a file by default. You have to set
            // 'useFileTransport' to false and configure a transport
            // for the mailer to send real emails.
            'useFileTransport' => true,
        ],

此时，如果使用SwiftMailer发送邮件，会在runtime/application/mail目录下，或者runtime/console/mail目录下，生成*.eml文件，类似20161130-180407-3682-3319.eml。

2.YII中对于SwiftMailer的官方说明

Usage
To use this extension, simply add the following code in your application configuration:

return [
    //....
    'components' => [
        'mailer' => [
            'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
        ],
    ],
];

You can then send an email as follows:

Yii::$app->mailer->compose('contact/html')
     ->setFrom('from@domain.com')
     ->setTo($form->email)
     ->setSubject($form->subject)
     ->send();
For further instructions refer to the related section in the Yii Definitive Guide.

3.众多网上的例子讨论的是如何对SwiftMailer配置外部邮件服务器，比如这里

配置

'mail' => [
            'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
            'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
            //'useFileTransport' => true, //放在本地的邮件列表,测试邮件的时候可以开启这个

                        'transport' => [
                                    'class' => 'Swift_SmtpTransport',
                                    'host' => 'smtp.126.com',
                                    'username' => 'your email',
                                    'password' => 'password',
                                    'port' => '465',
                                    'encryption' => 'ssl',

                            ], 

        ],

发送

public function sendEmail()
    {
        /** @var User $user */
        $user = User::find([
            'status' => User::STATUS_ACTIVE,
            'email' => $this->email,
        ]);

        if (!$user) {
            return false;
        }

        $user->generatePasswordResetToken();
        if ($user->save()) {
            return \Yii::$app->mail->compose()
                ->setFrom('from email')
                ->setTo('to email')
                ->setSubject('subject ')
                ->setTextBody('内容')
                ->send();

        }

        return false;
    }

4.还有说使用php mail()函数来发送邮件，这里

配置就是把官方默认配置的useFileTransport改为false,并且增加一个transport

return [
    'components' => [
        ...
        'mailer' => [
            'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
            'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
            'transport' => [
                'class' => 'Swift_MailTransport',
            ],
            'useFileTransport' => false,
        ],

    ],
];

测试，发现是可以发送邮件的。

5. 上述4中是php mail()函数起作用了吗

首先，我在SwiftMailer代码中没有发现php mail()函数的使用。php mail()函数起作用是在php.ini中配置了sendmail_path

sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

那么，我们把这行注释掉，然后再试，发现仍然可以发送。而直接测试PHP mail()函数，发现mail()函数失效了。可见，并不是php mail()函数起作用。
注意，php cli和php web服务器读取的php.ini可能是不同的，如果是php cli模式，可以先用如下命令查看：

php -i | grep -i php.ini

6. 结论，SwiftMailer默认支持使用Shell中SendMail。

• 如果没有配置php.ini中的sendmail_path，php的mail()函数没有启用，swiftmailer默认直接使用系统中的sendmail命令。
  此时YII2的/common/config/main-local.php中的配置如下：

return [
    'components' => [
        ...
        'mailer' => [
            'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
            'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
            'useFileTransport' => false,
        ],

    ],
];

• 如果配置了php的mail()函数，则需要在YII配置文件中指定transport类型，也就是4.上的例子

return [
    'components' => [
        ...
        'mailer' => [
            'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
            'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
            'transport' => [
                'class' => 'Swift_MailTransport',
            ],
            'useFileTransport' => false,
        ],

    ],
];

不管是用何种sendmail，比如smtp、sendmail、mail()，只与配置文件相关，代码中的使用都是一样的。

7.SwitftMailer对transport的说明

\vendor\swiftmailer\swiftmailer\doc\overview.rst

Transports
~~~~~~

Transports are the classes in Swift Mailer that are responsible for
communicating with a service in order to deliver a Message. There are several
types of Transport in Swift Mailer, all of which implement the Swift_Transport
interface and offer underlying start(), stop() and send() methods.

Typically you will not need to know how a Transport works under-the-surface,
you will only need to know how to create an instance of one, and which one to
use for your environment.

8.SwiftMailer对于各种transport使用的例子

\vendor\swiftmailer\swiftmailer\doc\sending.rst

 require_once 'lib/swift_required.php';

    // Create the Transport
    $transport = Swift_SmtpTransport::newInstance('smtp.example.org', 25)
      ->setUsername('your username')
      ->setPassword('your password')
      ;

    /*
    You could alternatively use a different transport such as Sendmail or Mail:

    // Sendmail
    $transport = Swift_SendmailTransport::newInstance('/usr/sbin/sendmail -bs');

    // Mail
    $transport = Swift_MailTransport::newInstance();
    */

    // Create the Mailer using your created Transport
    $mailer = Swift_Mailer::newInstance($transport);

    // Create a message
    $message = Swift_Message::newInstance('Wonderful Subject')
      ->setFrom(array('john@doe.com' => 'John Doe'))
      ->setTo(array('receiver@domain.org', 'other@domain.org' => 'A name'))
      ->setBody('Here is the message itself')
      ;

    // Send the message
    $result = $mailer->send($message);