Handler消息机制和ThreadLocal原理

一、简介

Handler作为Android线程间通信的常用方式，主要由Handler、Looper、MessageQueue、message四个部分组成 ，

• Handler负责线程间消息通讯的发送消息和接收处理消息
• Looper用于从MessageQueue中轮询获得Message
• MessageQueue则是一个单线链表的用于存储Message的数据结构
• Message则是线程间通信的载体

总体流程图如下

简单使用，如下子线程发送message，主线程更新UI

private Handler handler=new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
   
    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(@NonNull Message message) {
   
        //主线程更新UI
        return true;
    }
});

new Thread(new Runnable() {
   
    @Override
    public void run() {
   
        //子线程发送消息
        handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
        //发送Runnable本质也是发送message，Runnable被赋值给Message.callback
        handler.post(runnable);
    }
}).start();

二、源码分析

2.1、Handler

先从Handler构造函数开始

public Handler(@Nullable Callback callback, boolean async) {
   
    ...
    mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
    if (mLooper == null) {
   
        throw new RuntimeException(
            "Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
                    + " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
    }
    mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
    mCallback = callback;
    mAsynchronous = async;
}

---

public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
   
    return sThreadLocal.get();
}

先是通过Looper.myLooper()获得Looper对象，Looper对象是在Looper.prepare()时创建的，但是这里我们并没有调用prepare()，是因为一开始在ActivityThread的main方法中调用了Looper.prepareMainLooper()已经初始化了Looper

public static void main(String[] args) {
   
    ...
    Looper.prepareMainLooper();

    ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
    thread.attach(false, startSeq);

    if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
   
        sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
    }
    if (false) {
   
        Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
    }
    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
    Looper.loop();

    throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}

---

public static void prepareMainLooper() {
   
    prepare(false);
    synchronized (Looper.class)