我想,搞Linux/uclinux的一般都想把整个构建系统搞清楚。网上相关的资料很多,有的介绍的非常好。
在这些资料的基础上,我还是很想把整个执行过程与 Makefile等文件的具体位置,以及执行先后顺序,依赖关系等搞得更清楚些。
于是进行了很多的尝试,包括走读Makefile等文件,修改相关内容增加打印信息。
但是 Linux、uclinux的构建系统太过庞大,这样做既费力,还很难搞清楚之间的关系。
走了很多的弯路,还是想从make工具本身方面想办法。这才仔细去看看make的帮助
dx@ubuntu:~$ make --help
Usage: make [options] [target] ...
Options:
-b, -m Ignored for compatibility.
-B, --always-make Unconditionally make all targets.
-C DIRECTORY, --directory=DIRECTORY Change to DIRECTORY before doing anything.
-d Print lots of debugging information.
--debug[=FLAGS] Print various types of debugging information.
-e, --environment-overrides Environment variables override makefiles.
--eval=STRING Evaluate STRING as a makefile statement.
-f FILE, --file=FILE, --makefile=FILE Read FILE as a makefile.
-h, --help Print this message and exit.
-i, --ignore-errors Ignore errors from recipes.
-I DIRECTORY, --include-dir=DIRECTORY Search DIRECTORY for included makefiles.
-j [N], --jobs[=N] Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg.
-k, --keep-going Keep going when some targets can't be made.
-l [N], --load-average[=N], --max-load[=N]
Don't start multiple jobs unless load is below N.
-L, --check-symlink-times Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target.
-n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon
Don't actually run any recipe; just print them.
-o FILE, --old-file=FILE, --assume-old=FILE
Consider FILE to be very old and don't remake it.
-O[TYPE], --output-sync[=TYPE]
Synchronize output of parallel jobs by TYPE.
-p, --print-data-base Print make's internal database.
-q, --question Run no recipe; exit status says if up to date.
-r, --no-builtin-rules Disable the built-in implicit rules.
-R, --no-builtin-variables Disable the built-in variable settings.
-s, --silent, --quiet Don't echo recipes.
-S, --no-keep-going, --stop
Turns off -k.
-t, --touch Touch targets instead of remaking them.
--trace Print tracing information.
-v, --version Print the version number of make and exit.
-w, --print-directory Print the current directory.
--no-print-directory Turn off -w, even if it was turned on implicitly.
-W FILE, --what-if=FILE, --new-file=FILE, --assume-new=FILE
Consider FILE to be infinitely new.
--warn-undefined-variables Warn when an undefined variable is referenced.
Usage: make [options] [target] ...
Options:
-b, -m Ignored for compatibility.
-B, --always-make Unconditionally make all targets.
-C DIRECTORY, --directory=DIRECTORY Change to DIRECTORY before doing anything.
-d Print lots of debugging information.
--debug[=FLAGS] Print various types of debugging information.
-e, --environment-overrides Environment variables override makefiles.
--eval=STRING Evaluate STRING as a makefile statement.
-f FILE, --file=FILE, --makefile=FILE Read FILE as a makefile.
-h, --help Print this message and exit.
-i, --ignore-errors Ignore errors from recipes.
-I DIRECTORY, --include-dir=DIRECTORY Search DIRECTORY for included makefiles.
-j [N], --jobs[=N] Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg.
-k, --keep-going Keep going when some targets can't be made.
-l [N], --load-average[=N], --max-load[=N]
Don't start multiple jobs unless load is below N.
-L, --check-symlink-times Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target.
-n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon
Don't actually run any recipe; just print them.
-o FILE, --old-file=FILE, --assume-old=FILE
Consider FILE to be very old and don't remake it.
-O[TYPE], --output-sync[=TYPE]
Synchronize output of parallel jobs by TYPE.
-p, --print-data-base Print make's internal database.
-q, --question Run no recipe; exit status says if up to date.
-r, --no-builtin-rules Disable the built-in implicit rules.
-R, --no-builtin-variables Disable the built-in variable settings.
-s, --silent, --quiet Don't echo recipes.
-S, --no-keep-going, --stop
Turns off -k.
-t, --touch Touch targets instead of remaking them.
--trace Print tracing information.
-v, --version Print the version number of make and exit.
-w, --print-directory Print the current directory.
--no-print-directory Turn off -w, even if it was turned on implicitly.
-W FILE, --what-if=FILE, --new-file=FILE, --assume-new=FILE
Consider FILE to be infinitely new.
--warn-undefined-variables Warn when an undefined variable is referenced.
This program built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Report bugs to <bug-make@gnu.org>
Report bugs to <bug-make@gnu.org>
经过尝试,-p 参数和 --trace参数对分析make 过程非常有用
-p 参数,可以将当前执行make的所有内部数据库打印出来。这个数据与当前系统的状态有很大的关系
以uclinux为例,没有编译前,只能输出很少的一些内部数据。在完成uclinux编译后,就可以输出所有你想知道的,比如变量值、规则定义等内部数据,我输出的文件就有160多M。
--trace参数, 可以将执行目标对应的规则等信息、以及对应的文件内部位置等信息输出。
结合这两个参数的数据,可以非常容易分析整个make执行过程。
接下来将我编译uclinux的make menuconfig 和make过程的分析文本写出来,供参考