队列的最大值

template<typename T> class QueueWithMax
{
public:
    QueueWithMax() : currentIndex(0)
    {
    }

    void push_back(T number)
    {
        while(!maximums.empty() && number >= maximums.back().number)
            maximums.pop_back();

        InternalData internalData = { number, currentIndex };
        data.push_back(internalData);
        maximums.push_back(internalData);

        ++currentIndex;
    }

    void pop_front()
    {
        if(maximums.empty())
            throw new exception("queue is empty");

        if(maximums.front().index == data.front().index)
            maximums.pop_front();

        data.pop_front();
    }

    T max() const
    {
        if(maximums.empty())
            throw new exception("queue is empty");

        return maximums.front().number;
    }

private:
    struct InternalData
    {
        T number;
        int index;
    };

    deque<InternalData> data;
    deque<InternalData> maximums;
    int currentIndex;
};