25 策略模式

1.策略模式基本介绍

1）策略模式（Strategy Pattern）中，定义算法族（策略组），分别封装起来，让他们之间可以相互替换，从模式

让算法的变化独立于使用算法的客户

2）这算法体现了几个设计原则：第一、把变化的代码从不变的代码中分离出来；第二、针对接口编程而不是具体类（

定义了策略接口）；第三、多用组合/聚合，少用继承

2.策略模式类图

3.策略模式应用（策略模式+Map字典）

应用场景：

物流行业中，通常会涉及到EDI报文(XML格式文件)传输和回执接收，每发送一份EDI报文，后续都会收到与之关联的回执（标识该数据在第三方系统中的流转状态）。

这里枚举几种回执类型：MT1101、MT2101、MT4101、MT8104、MT8105、MT9999，系统在收到不同的回执报文后，会执行对应的业务逻辑处理。当然，实际业务场景并没有那么笼统，这里以回执处理为演示案例

代码示例：

public class Receipt {

    /**
     * 回执信息
     */
    String message;

    /**
     * 回执类型(`MT1101、MT2101、MT4101、MT8104、MT8105、MT9999`)
     */
    String type;

}

public class ReceiptBuilder {

    public static List<Receipt> generateReceiptList(){
        //直接模拟一堆回执对象
        List<Receipt> receiptList = new ArrayList<>();
        receiptList.add(new Receipt("我是MT2101回执喔","MT2101"));
        receiptList.add(new Receipt("我是MT1101回执喔","MT1101"));
        receiptList.add(new Receipt("我是MT8104回执喔","MT8104"));
        receiptList.add(new Receipt("我是MT9999回执喔","MT9999"));
        //......    
        return receiptList;
    }
}

传统做法-if-else分支
List<Receipt> receiptList = ReceiptBuilder.generateReceiptList();
//循环处理
for (Receipt receipt : receiptList) {
    if (StringUtils.equals("MT2101",receipt.getType())) {
        System.out.println("接收到MT2101回执");
        System.out.println("解析回执内容");
        System.out.println("执行业务逻辑");
    } else if (StringUtils.equals("MT1101",receipt.getType())) {
        System.out.println("接收到MT1101回执");
        System.out.println("解析回执内容");
        System.out.println("执行业务逻辑");
    } else if (StringUtils.equals("MT8104",receipt.getType())) {
        System.out.println("接收到MT8104回执");
        System.out.println("解析回执内容");
        System.out.println("执行业务逻辑");
    } else if (StringUtils.equals("MT9999",receipt.getType())) {
        System.out.println("接收到MT9999回执");
        System.out.println("解析回执内容");
        System.out.println("执行业务逻辑");
        System.out.println("推送邮件");
    }
    // ......未来可能还有好多个else if
}

策略模式+简单工厂，代码如下

@Data
public class Receipt {

    /**
     * 回执信息
     */
    String message;

    /**
     * 回执类型(`MT1101、MT2101、MT4101、MT8104、MT8105、MT9999`)
     */
    String type;

}

/**
* @Description: 回执处理策略接口
* @Auther: wuzhazha
* 策略接口
*/
public interface IReceiptHandleStrategy {

    void handleReceipt(Receipt receipt);

}

//策略接口实现类，也就是具体的处理者
public class Mt2101ReceiptHandleStrategy implements IReceiptHandleStrategy {

    @Override
    public void handleReceipt(Receipt receipt) {
        System.out.println("解析报文MT2101:" + receipt.getMessage());
    }

}

public class Mt1101ReceiptHandleStrategy implements IReceiptHandleStrategy {

    @Override
    public void handleReceipt(Receipt receipt) {
        System.out.println("解析报文MT1101:" + receipt.getMessage());
    }

}

public class Mt8104ReceiptHandleStrategy implements IReceiptHandleStrategy {

    @Override
    public void handleReceipt(Receipt receipt) {
        System.out.println("解析报文MT8104:" + receipt.getMessage());
    }

}

public class Mt9999ReceiptHandleStrategy implements IReceiptHandleStrategy {

    @Override
    public void handleReceipt(Receipt receipt) {
        System.out.println("解析报文MT9999:" + receipt.getMessage());
    }
}

策略上下文类(策略接口的持有者)
/**
* @Description: 上下文类，持有策略接口
* @Auther: wuzhazha
*/
public class ReceiptStrategyContext {

    private IReceiptHandleStrategy receiptHandleStrategy;

    /**
     * 设置策略接口
     * @param receiptHandleStrategy
     */
    public void setReceiptHandleStrategy(IReceiptHandleStrategy receiptHandleStrategy) {
        this.receiptHandleStrategy = receiptHandleStrategy;
    }

    public void handleReceipt(Receipt receipt){
        if (receiptHandleStrategy != null) {
             receiptHandleStrategy.handleReceipt(receipt);   
        }
    }
}

/**
* @Description: 策略工厂
* @Auther: wuzhazha
*/
public class ReceiptHandleStrategyFactory {

    private static Map<String,IReceiptHandleStrategy> receiptHandleStrategyMap;

    private ReceiptHandleStrategyFactory(){
        this.receiptHandleStrategyMap = new HashMap<>();
        this.receiptHandleStrategyMap.put("MT2101",new Mt2101ReceiptHandleStrategy());
        this.receiptHandleStrategyMap.put("MT8104",new Mt8104ReceiptHandleStrategy());
    }

    public static IReceiptHandleStrategy getReceiptHandleStrategy(String receiptType){
        return receiptHandleStrategyMap.get(receiptType);
    }
}

客户端
public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //模拟回执
        List<Receipt> receiptList = ReceiptBuilder.generateReceiptList();
        //策略上下文
        ReceiptStrategyContext receiptStrategyContext = new ReceiptStrategyContext();
        for (Receipt receipt : receiptList) {
            //获取并设置策略
            IReceiptHandleStrategy receiptHandleStrategy = ReceiptHandleStrategyFactory.getReceiptHandleStrategy(receipt.getType());
            receiptStrategyContext.setReceiptHandleStrategy(receiptHandleStrategy);
            //执行策略
            receiptStrategyContext.handleReceipt(receipt);
        }
    }
}

如果要使得程序符合开闭原则，则需要调整ReceiptHandleStrategyFactory中处理策略的获取方式，

通过反射的方式，获取指定包下的所有IReceiptHandleStrategy实现类，然后放到字典Map中去。

系统学习设计模式：设计模式内容聚合