python numpy 中 np.mean(a) 跟 a.mean() 的区别

今天查看以前写的文章时, 发现有个地方理解不了, 就是 np.mean(a) 跟 a.mean() 的区别是什么, 于是就查阅了相关资料:

• 官方doc:

a.mean()

Docstring:
a.mean(axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False)

Returns the average of the array elements along given axis.

Refer to `numpy.mean` for full documentation.

See Also
--------
numpy.mean : equivalent function
Type:      builtin_function_or_method

np.mean(a)

Signature: np.mean(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=<no value>)
Docstring:
Compute the arithmetic mean along the specified axis.

Returns the average of the array elements.  The average is taken over
the flattened array by default, otherwise over the specified axis.
`float64` intermediate and return values are used for integer inputs.

Parameters
----------
a : array_like
    Array containing numbers whose mean is desired. If `a` is not an
    array, a conversion is attempted.
axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
    Axis or axes along which the means are computed. The default is to
    compute the mean of the flattened array.

    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0

    If this is a tuple of ints, a mean is performed over multiple axes,
    instead of a single axis or all the axes as before.
dtype : data-type, optional
    Type to use in computing the mean.  For integer inputs, the default
    is `float64`; for floating point inputs, it is the same as the
    input dtype.
out : ndarray, optional
    Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
    is ``None``; if provided, it must have the same shape as the
    expected output, but the type will be cast if necessary.
    See `doc.ufuncs` for details.

keepdims : bool, optional
    If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
    in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
    the result will broadcast correctly against the input array.

    If the default value is passed, then `keepdims` will not be
    passed through to the `mean` method of sub-classes of
    `ndarray`, however any non-default value will be.  If the
    sub-class' method does not implement `keepdims` any
    exceptions will be raised.

Returns
-------
m : ndarray, see dtype parameter above
    If `out=None`, returns a new array containing the mean values,
    otherwise a reference to the output array is returned.

See Also
--------
average : Weighted average
std, var, nanmean, nanstd, nanvar

Notes
-----
The arithmetic mean is the sum of the elements along the axis divided
by the number of elements.

Note that for floating-point input, the mean is computed using the
same precision the input has.  Depending on the input data, this can
cause the results to be inaccurate, especially for `float32` (see
example below).  Specifying a higher-precision accumulator using the
`dtype` keyword can alleviate this issue.

By default, `float16` results are computed using `float32` intermediates
for extra precision.

Examples
--------
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
>>> np.mean(a)
2.5
>>> np.mean(a, axis=0)
array([ 2.,  3.])
>>> np.mean(a, axis=1)
array([ 1.5,  3.5])

In single precision, `mean` can be inaccurate:

>>> a = np.zeros((2, 512*512), dtype=np.float32)
>>> a[0, :] = 1.0
>>> a[1, :] = 0.1
>>> np.mean(a)
0.54999924

Computing the mean in float64 is more accurate:

>>> np.mean(a, dtype=np.float64)
0.55000000074505806
File:      c:\users\huawei\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\fromnumeric.py
Type:      function

• 总的来说, doc中所描述的是指 a.mean() 是 np.mean(a) 的简单版, 使用方法基本是相同的, 唯一的不同就是前者是numpy数组对象的方法, 后者作为numpy的函数使用.
• 函数的作用就是: 返回数组元素沿给定轴的算数平均值。(算术平均值是沿坐标轴上的元素的和除以元素的个数。)
• 沿坐标轴是什么意思, 参考:

参考文章1: python numpy.mean() axis参数使用方法【sum(axis=)是求和，mean(axis=)是求平均值】
https://blog.csdn.net/Dontla/article/details/96466644

参考文章2: python 如何理解 numpy 数组操作中的 axis 参数?
https://blog.csdn.net/Dontla/article/details/99751690