AsyncTask分析

1. 调用AsyncTask的execute方法，实际上是传入了doInbackground执行所需的参数，内部继续调用了Executor的execute方法来执行内部定义好的FutureTask对象。而FutureTask执行的是内部定义好的WorkerRunnable对象，WorkerRunnable的call方法将外部提供的参数传递给doInBackground，直到doInBackground执行完返回后，讲结果通过handler发送到主线程中。
默认的Executor是串行执行的，即多次调用(new AsyncTask).execute()后，产生的多个FutureTask会依次在SERIAL_EXECUTOR中执行。
2. 也可以指定由THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR并行执行FutureTask。

3. 每个AsyncTask对象只能执行一次，执行多个任务需要每次都创建一个新的AsyncTask对象。

FutureTask的用法：
http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphin0520/p/3949310.html

FutureTask的原理：
https://my.oschina.net/pingpangkuangmo/blog/666762

public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";

    private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };

    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

    //并行执行任务的线程池
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

    static {
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
        threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
        THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
    }

    //串行给任务排队的线程池，执行时调用了THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
    private static InternalHandler sHandler;

    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
    
    private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
    private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();

    //串行执行任务
    private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        //当调用串行线程池执行任务时，任务先入队，然后调用scheduleNext依次执行
        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

    public enum Status {
        PENDING,    //未执行
        RUNNING,    //正在执行
        FINISHED,   //onPostExecute已调用
    }

    //当前进程共用一个InternalHandler
    private static Handler getHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler();
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }

    /** @hide */
    public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) {
        sDefaultExecutor = exec;
    }

    //必须在主线程中调用
    public AsyncTask() {
        //创建Callable的子类来具体执行任务，调用doInBackground，并发送结果
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                return postResult(result);
            }
        };

        //FutureTask用来包装Callable，之后会调用Executor.exec来执行FutureTask
        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    //由FutureTask在done中调用，如果没有执行，则调用postResult，发送一个空结果
    private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

    //将计算结果发到主线程相关的handler中
    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

    public final Status getStatus() {
        return mStatus;
    }


    //非主线程调用，通过传进来的参数，求出结果并返回，需要在自类中重写
    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);

    //主线程调用
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }

    //主线程调用
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }

    //主线程调用
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
    }

    //在调用了cancel以及doInBackground结束后出发
    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedParameters"})
    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
        onCancelled();
    }    
    
    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled() {
    }

    public final boolean isCancelled() {
        return mCancelled.get();
    }

    //取消当前的任务，调用后应该在doInBackground中检查isCancelled的值
    public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
        mCancelled.set(true);
        return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
    }

    //获取任务的执行结果，可能会阻塞
    public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        return mFuture.get();
    }

    //获取任务的执行结果，可能会阻塞，指定等待时间
    public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
            ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
        return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
    }

    //以串行线程池执行doInBackground，指定了其中所需的参数
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

    //用自己指定的Executor来执行mFuture，即mWorker中的call方法
    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

    //主线程静态调用，用sDefaultExecutor串行执行某个runnable
    @MainThread
    public static void execute(Runnable runnable) {
        sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
    }

    //在doInBackground中调用，通过InternalHandler发消息，表示当前进度
    @WorkerThread
    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
        if (!isCancelled()) {
            getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        }
    }

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {    //是否标记过取消
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

    //绑定了主线程，所以finish的onCancelled和onPost以及和onProgressUpdate都在主线程中回调
    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    //Callable接口需要实现call方法，可以有返回值，可以抛出异常
    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }
}