xml-自动装配autowire

siye@r480:~/svlution/workspace/springcore4322$ tree src/
src/
├── main
│   ├── java
│   │   ├── log4j.properties
│   │   └── ocn
│   │       └── site
│   │           └── springioc
│   │               └── domain
│   │                   ├── Person.java
│   │                   └── User.java
│   └── resources
└── test
    ├── java
    │   └── ocn
    │       └── site
    │           └── springioc
    │               └── domain
    │                   └── Runtest.java
    └── resources
        └── config
            └── application.xml

15 directories, 5 files

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.22.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.22.RELEASE</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

package ocn.site.springioc.domain;

public class Person {

}

package ocn.site.springioc.domain;

public class User {

	private Person person;

	public Person getPerson() {
		return person;
	}

	public void setPerson(Person person) {
		this.person = person;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [person=" + person + "]";
	}

}

package ocn.site.springioc.domain;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:config/application.xml")
public class Runtest {

	private final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
	private @Autowired User user;
	private @Autowired Person person;

	@Test
	public void run() throws Exception {
		logger.info(user);
		logger.info(person);
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<!--
		注意，springioc中自动装配，是依赖于setter方法的！！！

		xml风格的配置中属性autowired的4个候选值的
		no ： 表示不使用自动装配，默认值。
		byName ： 表示按照查找bean的名称来进行自动装配的布局（依赖setter方法）
		byType ： 表示安装bean的类型来进行自动装配（依赖setter方法）
		constructor ：性质和bytype一样，但是依赖有参构造器来进行自动装配的。
		详细的说明，查看该属性的doc文档。

		自动装配有哪些局限性？
		1）属性和有参构造器中的依赖设置，会覆盖自动装配的设置。
		不能自动装配设置简单的属性，例如基本类型，字符串类型，类类型，数组。
		2）可读性不强。
		3）在处理单个值的依赖项时，可能会出现歧义。

		使用自动装配的建议？
		1）为了避免歧义和增加可读性，推荐使用显式布线配置bean。
		2）对于可能引起歧义的bean设置属性autowire-candidate为false。
		注意这种配置设定，是覆盖全局的，对xml-config和java-config都是有效的。
		3）存在多个同类bean时，可设置bean的属性primary为true，来尽量的避免歧义。
	-->
	<bean class="ocn.site.springioc.domain.Person"></bean>
	<bean class="ocn.site.springioc.domain.User" autowire="byType" autowire-candidate="default"></bean>

</beans>

19-09-07 20:31:04 org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper  =====>>> Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]
19-09-07 20:31:04 org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper  =====>>> Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@783e6358, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@17550481, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@735f7ae5]
19-09-07 20:31:04 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader  =====>>> Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [config/application.xml]
19-09-07 20:31:05 org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext  =====>>> Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@36d4b5c: startup date [Sat Sep 07 20:31:05 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
19-09-07 20:31:05 ocn.site.springioc.domain.Runtest  =====>>> User [person=ocn.site.springioc.domain.Person@240237d2]
19-09-07 20:31:05 ocn.site.springioc.domain.Runtest  =====>>> ocn.site.springioc.domain.Person@240237d2
19-09-07 20:31:05 org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext  =====>>> Closing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@36d4b5c: startup date [Sat Sep 07 20:31:05 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy