单例模式:顾名思义,用来保证一个对象只能创建一个实例,除此之外,它还提供了对实例的全局访问。
单例模式结构:
饿汉模式(线程安全)
//虽然保证了线程安全,但是当类加载后,长时间不使用浪费了内存资源
public class Singleton{
// static确保能全局访问
private fianl static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
//私有构造确保唯一实例
private Singleton(){
}
public Singleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
懒汉模式(线程不安全)
/*
当一个线程执行到instance==null后释放时间片,另外一个线程执行判断instance==null,然后创建对象
接着之前的线程得到时间片,就接着执行,又创建了一个对象
*/
public class Singleton{
private fianl static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){
}
public Singleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
懒汉模式-加synchronized锁(线程安全)
//缺点:每次访问都要加锁
public class Singleton{
private fianl static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){
}
public synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
懒汉模式-double check(线程不安全)
//涉及到重排序的知识
public class Singleton{
private fianl static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){
new A();
new B();
}
public Singleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
synchronized(this.class){
if(instance == null){
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
懒汉模式-double check + volatile
//防止程序重排序
//保证了可见性
public class Singleton{
private volatile fianl static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){
}
public Singleton getInstance(){
if(instance == null){
synchronized(this.class){
if(instance == null){
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
懒汉模式-静态内部类(线程安全)
public class Singleton{
private Singleton(){
//empty
}
private static class InstanceHolder{
private final static Singletoninstance = new Singleton();
}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return InstanceHolder.instance;
}