Maven的依赖（Dependency）

蓝黑2020

已于 2022-04-05 10:11:52 修改

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文章标签： maven

于 2022-04-03 23:39:03 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/duke_ding2/article/details/123928632

版权

环境

操作系统： Ubuntu 20.04
JDK： 17

➜  ~ java -version
java version "17.0.1" 2021-10-19 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17.0.1+12-LTS-39)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.1+12-LTS-39, mixed mode, sharing)

Maven： 3.8.5

➜  ~ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.8.5 (3599d3414f046de2324203b78ddcf9b5e4388aa0)
Maven home: /home/ding/Downloads/apache-maven-3.8.5-bin/apache-maven-3.8.5
Java version: 17.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /home/ding/Downloads/jdk-17.0.1
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "5.13.0-39-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

背景

在Maven世界里，每一个构件（artifact）都有唯一的坐标（Coordinate）。坐标是用一系列元素来定义的：

groupId
artifactId
version
packaging
classifier

其中， groupId 、 artifactId 、 version 是必需的， packaging 是可选的（默认值为 jar ），而 classifier 是不能直接定义的。

问题

在POM中，我们可以定义依赖关系，例如：

............
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		............
	<dependencies>
............

被依赖的artifact（本例中是 spring-boot-starter-web ），显然也需要 groupId 、 artifactId 、 version 来唯一标识，然而，这里只有 groupId 和 artifactId ，并没有 version 。这是怎么回事呢？

带着这个问题，我们来看一下Maven的依赖（dependency）。

聚合和继承

一个项目（project）的开发，通常采用“模块化开发”的方式，项目是由多个模块（module）所组成，模块秉承“高内聚，低耦合”的原则。例如开发团队分为多个小组，每组只专注于各自所负责的模块的开发和调试。但项目作为一个整体，需要在总体上进行管理和构建。

Maven提供了 聚合 和 继承 这两个概念：

聚合：把各个模块聚合在一起构建；
继承：抽取各个模块相同的依赖和插件等配置，以简化配置，方便维护；

聚合

聚合比较简单，就是把多个模块在一起构建。例如，我们有 module1 和 module2 两个模块。为了把它们聚合在一起，我们再创建一个额外的 aggregator 模块。该模块本身作为一个Maven项目，有自己的pom文件，但是它不涉及项目的具体业务逻辑，所以没有src等目录。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.example.demo0402</groupId>
	<artifactId>aggregator</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>pom</packaging>
	<name>Aggregator</name>
	<modules>
		<module>module1</module>
		<module>module2</module>
	</modules>
</project>

该POM的核心配置是：

packaging ：必须是 pom ；
modules ：要聚合的模块。注意此处的每一个值都是针对当前pom文件的相对路径。通常可以令目录名与其artifact名一致，以便于理解和快速定位，不过也不强制，反正记住这里要写目录名；

一般我们把聚合模块作为module1、module2等模块的父一级目录，即：

➜  test0402 tree
.
└── aggregator
    ├── module1
    │   ├── pom.xml
    │   └── src
    │       ├── main
    │       │   ├── java
    │       │   └── resources
    │       └── test
    │           └── java
    ├── module2
    │   ├── pom.xml
    │   ├── src
    │   │   ├── main
    │   │   │   ├── java
    │   │   │   └── resources
    │   │   └── test
    │   │       └── java
    └── pom.xml

在build aggregator 的时候，可以看到构建的细节，例如：

➜  aggregator mvn clean install
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Build Order:
[INFO] 
[INFO] module1                                                            [jar]
[INFO] module2                                                            [jar]
[INFO] Aggregator                                                         [pom]
............
[INFO] Reactor Summary for Aggregator 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT:
[INFO] 
[INFO] module1 ............................................ SUCCESS [ 11.691 s]
[INFO] module2 ............................................ SUCCESS [  4.185 s]
[INFO] Aggregator ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.060 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  16.123 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-04-03T17:48:02+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

注意上面显示的是各个模块的 name ，而不是 artifactId 。

继承

module1 和 module2 模块有很多相同的配置，比如 groupId 和 version ，此外还有 spring-boot-starter-web 等三方依赖包也一样。重复的配置显然增加了维护成本，并带来潜在的不一致风险。

Maven提供了继承机制，来抽取重复的配置。这有点类似于面向对象的父子类关系，在父POM中定义一些配置以供子POM来继承。

“父POM”与“聚合POM”有些相似之处：

POM的 packaging 必须为 pom ；
不需要src目录；

在 aggregator 目录下创建一个 parent 目录，然后在 parent 目录里创建 pom.xml 文件，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.example.demo0402</groupId>
	<artifactId>parent</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>pom</packaging>
	<name>Parent</name>
</project>

有了父模块， module1 和 module2 还必须显式的声明继承关系。

以 module1 为例，在其pom.xml文件中添加如下内容：

	<parent>
		<groupId>com.example.demo0402</groupId>
		<artifactId>parent</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		<relativePath>../parent/pom.xml</relativePath>
	</parent>

module1 可以删除自己的 groupId 和 version 设置，默认会从父模块继承。这样，就可以确保各个模块始终保持相同的 groupId 和 version 。

注： relativePath 的默认值是 ../pom.xml ，即上一级目录。

接下来，我们来把dependency抽取到父模块。

若直接把子模块中公共的dependency配置移到父模块，固然OK，不过这种做法存在一个问题，如果以后再有新的子模块（如 module3 ），而新的子模块并不需要这些dependency，这就难办了。

所以Maven提供了 dependencyManagement 元素。

在父模块中通过 dependencyManagement 元素声明dependency；
在子模块中通过 dependency 元素引用所需的dependency；

在父模块POM中添加如下内容：

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
				<version>2.6.6</version>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

在子模块POM的 dependencies 中添加如下内容：

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

我们看到，子模块的dependency只需指明 groupId 和 artifactId ，而无需指定 version 。这是因为完整的dependency信息是在父模块的 dependencyManagement 定义的，所以子模块只需通过 groupId 和 artifactId 来引用即可。

这种做法的好处是：

统一性：所有dependency都由父模块统一定义，确保子模块使用的dependency版本一致；
灵活性：子模块只需引用自己所需的dependency；

有一种特殊的依赖范围（ scope ），叫做 import 。这种依赖通常指向一个POM，作用是将其 dependencyManagement 配置导入到当前的POM中。例如：

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>com.example.demo0402</groupId>
				<artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
				<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>com.example.demo0402</groupId>
				<artifactId>yyy</artifactId>
				<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
			............
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

常见做法是把依赖根据类型不同，生成多个POM（如上例中的 xxx 、 yyy 等），然后在父模块中将其一一导入，以便“分而治之”。

聚合与继承的关系

共同点

packaging 必须是 pom ；
除了POM外并无src等实际内容；

区别

	聚合	继承
目的	为了方便快速构建整个项目	为了消除重复配置
关系	聚合POM知道被聚合的POM；被聚合的POM不知道聚合POM	父POM不知道子POM；子POM知道父POM
关键字	`modules` / `module` （父）	`parent` （子）， `dependencyManagement` （父）

集成

为了方便，通常可以把聚合POM和父POM合二为一，只用一个POM。具体例子参见代码。

代码

https://github.com/dukeding/test0402

查看依赖

常用命令：

mvn dependency:list
mvn dependency:tree
mvn dependency:analyze

mvn dependency:list

该命令可以查看依赖。例如：

➜  aggregator git:(main) ✗ mvn dependency:list
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Build Order:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Aggregator                                                         [pom]
[INFO] module1                                                            [jar]
[INFO] module2                                                            [jar]
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.example.demo0402:aggregator >-------------------
[INFO] Building Aggregator 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                 [1/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:list (default-cli) @ aggregator ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] The following files have been resolved:
[INFO]    none
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.demo0402:module1 >--------------------
[INFO] Building module1 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                    [2/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:list (default-cli) @ module1 ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] The following files have been resolved:
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:2.6.6:compile -- module spring.boot.starter.web [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:2.6.6:compile -- module spring.boot.starter [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.6.6:compile -- module spring.boot [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.6.6:compile -- module spring.boot.autoconfigure [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:2.6.6:compile -- module spring.boot.starter.logging [auto]
[INFO]    ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.2.11:compile -- module logback.classic (auto)
[INFO]    ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.2.11:compile -- module logback.core (auto)
[INFO]    org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-to-slf4j:jar:2.17.2:compile -- module org.apache.logging.slf4j [auto]
[INFO]    org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:jar:2.17.2:compile -- module org.apache.logging.log4j
[INFO]    org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.36:compile -- module jul.to.slf4j (auto)
[INFO]    jakarta.annotation:jakarta.annotation-api:jar:1.3.5:compile -- module java.annotation [auto]
[INFO]    org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.29:compile -- module org.yaml.snakeyaml [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json:jar:2.6.6:compile -- module spring.boot.starter.json [auto]
[INFO]    com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.13.2.2:compile -- module com.fasterxml.jackson.databind
[INFO]    com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.13.2:compile -- module com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation
[INFO]    com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.13.2:compile -- module com.fasterxml.jackson.core
[INFO]    com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jdk8:jar:2.13.2:compile -- module com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jdk8
[INFO]    com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:jar:2.13.2:compile -- module com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310
[INFO]    com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-parameter-names:jar:2.13.2:compile -- module com.fasterxml.jackson.module.paramnames
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:2.6.6:compile -- module spring.boot.starter.tomcat [auto]
[INFO]    org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:9.0.60:compile -- module org.apache.tomcat.embed.core
[INFO]    org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:9.0.60:compile -- module org.apache.tomcat.embed.el
[INFO]    org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:9.0.60:compile -- module org.apache.tomcat.embed.websocket
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-web:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.web [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.beans [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.webmvc [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.aop [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-context:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.context [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.expression [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.6.6:test -- module spring.boot.starter.test [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar:2.6.6:test -- module spring.boot.test [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:jar:2.6.6:test -- module spring.boot.test.autoconfigure [auto]
[INFO]    com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:jar:2.6.0:test -- module json.path (auto)
[INFO]    net.minidev:json-smart:jar:2.4.8:test -- module json.smart (auto)
[INFO]    net.minidev:accessors-smart:jar:2.4.8:test -- module accessors.smart (auto)
[INFO]    org.ow2.asm:asm:jar:9.1:test -- module org.objectweb.asm
[INFO]    org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.36:compile -- module org.slf4j [auto]
[INFO]    jakarta.xml.bind:jakarta.xml.bind-api:jar:2.3.3:test -- module java.xml.bind
[INFO]    jakarta.activation:jakarta.activation-api:jar:1.2.2:test -- module jakarta.activation
[INFO]    org.assertj:assertj-core:jar:3.21.0:test -- module org.assertj.core
[INFO]    org.hamcrest:hamcrest:jar:2.2:test -- module org.hamcrest [auto]
[INFO]    org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:jar:5.8.2:test -- module org.junit.jupiter
[INFO]    org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.8.2:test -- module org.junit.jupiter.api
[INFO]    org.opentest4j:opentest4j:jar:1.2.0:test -- module org.opentest4j
[INFO]    org.junit.platform:junit-platform-commons:jar:1.8.2:test -- module org.junit.platform.commons
[INFO]    org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api:jar:1.1.2:test -- module org.apiguardian.api
[INFO]    org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:jar:5.8.2:test -- module org.junit.jupiter.params
[INFO]    org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:jar:5.8.2:test -- module org.junit.jupiter.engine
[INFO]    org.junit.platform:junit-platform-engine:jar:1.8.2:test -- module org.junit.platform.engine
[INFO]    org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:4.0.0:test -- module org.mockito [auto]
[INFO]    net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.11.22:test -- module net.bytebuddy
[INFO]    net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.11.22:test -- module net.bytebuddy.agent
[INFO]    org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:3.2:test -- module org.objenesis [auto]
[INFO]    org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:jar:4.0.0:test -- module org.mockito.junit.jupiter [auto]
[INFO]    org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:jar:1.5.0:test -- module jsonassert (auto)
[INFO]    com.vaadin.external.google:android-json:jar:0.0.20131108.vaadin1:test -- module android.json (auto)
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-core:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.core [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-jcl:jar:5.3.18:compile -- module spring.jcl [auto]
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-test:jar:5.3.18:test -- module spring.test [auto]
[INFO]    org.xmlunit:xmlunit-core:jar:2.8.4:test -- module org.xmlunit [auto]
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.demo0402:module2 >--------------------
[INFO] Building module2 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                    [3/3]
............
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary for Aggregator 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Aggregator ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.554 s]
[INFO] module1 ............................................ SUCCESS [  0.289 s]
[INFO] module2 ............................................ SUCCESS [  0.247 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.463 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-04-05T09:44:06+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

mvn dependency:tree

该命令以树的形式显示依赖。例如：

➜  aggregator git:(main) ✗ mvn dependency:tree
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Build Order:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Aggregator                                                         [pom]
[INFO] module1                                                            [jar]
[INFO] module2                                                            [jar]
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.example.demo0402:aggregator >-------------------
[INFO] Building Aggregator 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                 [1/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:tree (default-cli) @ aggregator ---
[INFO] com.example.demo0402:aggregator:pom:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.demo0402:module1 >--------------------
[INFO] Building module1 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                    [2/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:tree (default-cli) @ module1 ---
[INFO] com.example.demo0402:module1:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:2.6.6:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:2.6.6:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.6.6:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.6.6:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:2.6.6:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.2.11:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  |  \- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.2.11:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-to-slf4j:jar:2.17.2:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  |  \- org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:jar:2.17.2:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  \- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.36:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- jakarta.annotation:jakarta.annotation-api:jar:1.3.5:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.29:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json:jar:2.6.6:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.13.2.2:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.13.2:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  \- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.13.2:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jdk8:jar:2.13.2:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:jar:2.13.2:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-parameter-names:jar:2.13.2:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:2.6.6:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:9.0.60:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:9.0.60:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:9.0.60:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO] |  \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO] |     +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO] |     +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO] |     \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO] \- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.6.6:test
[INFO]    +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar:2.6.6:test
[INFO]    +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:jar:2.6.6:test
[INFO]    +- com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:jar:2.6.0:test
[INFO]    |  +- net.minidev:json-smart:jar:2.4.8:test
[INFO]    |  |  \- net.minidev:accessors-smart:jar:2.4.8:test
[INFO]    |  |     \- org.ow2.asm:asm:jar:9.1:test
[INFO]    |  \- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.36:compile
[INFO]    +- jakarta.xml.bind:jakarta.xml.bind-api:jar:2.3.3:test
[INFO]    |  \- jakarta.activation:jakarta.activation-api:jar:1.2.2:test
[INFO]    +- org.assertj:assertj-core:jar:3.21.0:test
[INFO]    +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest:jar:2.2:test
[INFO]    +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:jar:5.8.2:test
[INFO]    |  +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.8.2:test
[INFO]    |  |  +- org.opentest4j:opentest4j:jar:1.2.0:test
[INFO]    |  |  +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-commons:jar:1.8.2:test
[INFO]    |  |  \- org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api:jar:1.1.2:test
[INFO]    |  +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:jar:5.8.2:test
[INFO]    |  \- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:jar:5.8.2:test
[INFO]    |     \- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-engine:jar:1.8.2:test
[INFO]    +- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:4.0.0:test
[INFO]    |  +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.11.22:test
[INFO]    |  +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.11.22:test
[INFO]    |  \- org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:3.2:test
[INFO]    +- org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:jar:4.0.0:test
[INFO]    +- org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:jar:1.5.0:test
[INFO]    |  \- com.vaadin.external.google:android-json:jar:0.0.20131108.vaadin1:test
[INFO]    +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO]    |  \- org.springframework:spring-jcl:jar:5.3.18:compile
[INFO]    +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:5.3.18:test
[INFO]    \- org.xmlunit:xmlunit-core:jar:2.8.4:test
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.demo0402:module2 >--------------------
[INFO] Building module2 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                    [3/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
............
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary for Aggregator 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Aggregator ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.569 s]
[INFO] module1 ............................................ SUCCESS [  0.111 s]
[INFO] module2 ............................................ SUCCESS [  0.024 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.098 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-04-05T09:48:29+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

mvn dependency:analyze

该命令用来分析依赖。例如：

➜  aggregator git:(main) ✗ mvn dependency:analyze
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Build Order:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Aggregator                                                         [pom]
[INFO] module1                                                            [jar]
[INFO] module2                                                            [jar]
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.example.demo0402:aggregator >-------------------
[INFO] Building Aggregator 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                 [1/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:analyze (default-cli) > test-compile @ aggregator >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:analyze (default-cli) < test-compile @ aggregator <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:analyze (default-cli) @ aggregator ---
[INFO] Skipping pom project
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.demo0402:module1 >--------------------
[INFO] Building module1 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                    [2/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:analyze (default-cli) > test-compile @ module1 >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:resources (default-resources) @ module1 ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered properties files.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ module1 ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:testResources (default-testResources) @ module1 ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered properties files.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/ding/Downloads/test0402/aggregator/module1/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ module1 ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:analyze (default-cli) < test-compile @ module1 <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.2.0:analyze (default-cli) @ module1 ---
[WARNING] Used undeclared dependencies found:
[WARNING]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.6.6:compile
[WARNING]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.6.6:compile
[WARNING]    org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.8.2:test
[WARNING]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar:2.6.6:test
[WARNING] Unused declared dependencies found:
[WARNING]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:2.6.6:compile
[WARNING]    org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.6.6:test
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.demo0402:module2 >--------------------
[INFO] Building module2 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT                                    [3/3]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
............
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary for Aggregator 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Aggregator ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.543 s]
[INFO] module1 ............................................ SUCCESS [  1.136 s]
[INFO] module2 ............................................ SUCCESS [  0.212 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  2.264 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-04-05T09:49:03+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

结果中有非常重要的两部分：

Used undeclared dependencies ：使用了但未声明的依赖，比如模块实际上依赖于A和B，而A本身也依赖于B，则只需声明依赖A即可，B也会被隐式加入。但是这种做法显然不好，以后如果A升级了，不依赖于B了，代码就会报错。
Unused declared dependencies ：声明了但未使用的依赖。比如本例中的 spring-boot-starter-web ，虽然声明了该依赖，但在代码中并没有使用相关的功能，所以是多余的。但是对于此类依赖，也不要轻易删除，一来可能是因为将来会用，二来分析结果只包含main和test所需要的依赖，一些其它的比如运行时依赖则没考虑在内。总之要小心测试，谨慎删除。