JUC学习笔记(1)----------线程基础,线程唤醒,生产者消费者

目录

1、什么是JUC

 2、进程和线程

2.1、java默认有几个线程?

2.2、java程序可以自己开启线程吗?

2.3、线程有几个状态

2.4、wait和sleep的区别

2.5、synchronized和lock的对比

3、生产者消费者问题

 3.1为什么会出现虚假唤醒

3.2 JUC版生产者消费者代码

3.3condition实现精准通知唤醒


1、什么是JUC

如上图,就是java.util.concurrent包名的简写,是关于并发编程的API

 2、进程和线程

  • 进程是程序的一次执行过程,是一个动态概念,是程序在执行过程中分配和管理资源的基本单位,每一个进程都有一个自己的地址空间。
  • 线程是CPU调度和分派的基本单位,它可与同属一个进程的其他的线程共享进程所拥有的全部资源。
  • 线程是进程的一部分一个线程只能属于一个进程,而一个进程可以有多个线程,但至少有一个线程。

2.1、java默认有几个线程?

JAVA默认有两个线程,main线程和GC线程 

2.2、java程序可以自己开启线程吗?

 进入到new Thread().start()方法的源码可以看到,start()方法中调用了private native void start0()这么一个方法,用native修饰的,属于c语言写的本地方法,java是运行在虚拟机上的,不能调用硬件。

​
 public synchronized void start() {
        /**
         * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
         * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
         * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
         *
         * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        if (threadStatus != 0)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

        /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
         * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
         * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
        group.add(this);

        boolean started = false;
        try {
            start0();
            started = true;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (!started) {
                    group.threadStartFailed(this);
                }
            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
                  it will be passed up the call stack */
            }
        }
    }

    private native void start0();

​

 

2.3、线程有几个状态

进入Thread.State的源码可以看到,线程默认有6个状态
public enum State {
    //新生状态
    NEW,
    //运行状态
    RUNNABLE,
    //阻塞状态
    BLOCKED,
    //等待
    WAITING,
    //超时等待
    TIMED_WAITING,
    //终止
    TERMINATED;
}

2.4、wait和sleep的区别

  • 来自不同的类,wait-->object,sleep-->Thread 

  • wait会释放锁,而sleep不会

  • wait只能在同步代码块中使用

2.5、synchronized和lock的对比

  • synchronized是内置的java关键字,lock是一个java接口

  • synchronized会自动释放锁,lock必须手动释放锁

  •  lock是可以中断锁,synchronized是非中断锁,必须等待线程执行完成释放锁

package com.daiy.demo1;
//synchronized锁
public class SaleOfTicketsDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SaleOfTickets saleOfTickets=new SaleOfTickets();//资源对象

        new Thread(() ->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                saleOfTickets.tickets();
            }
        },"张三").start();
        new Thread(() ->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                saleOfTickets.tickets();
            }
        },"李四").start();
        new Thread(() ->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                saleOfTickets.tickets();
            }
        },"王五").start();
    }
}



class  SaleOfTickets{
    private int num=1;
    private int overplus=30;
    public synchronized void tickets(){
        if(num<=30){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"把第【"+num+++"】张票卖出去了,剩下【"+--overplus+"】张票");
        }
    }

}

package com.daiy.demo1;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
//lock锁
public class SaleOfTicketsDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SaleOfTickets2 saleOfTickets2 = new SaleOfTickets2();//资源对象

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                saleOfTickets2.tickets();
            }
        }, "张三").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                saleOfTickets2.tickets();
            }
        }, "李四").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                saleOfTickets2.tickets();
            }
        }, "王五").start();
    }
}


class SaleOfTickets2 {
    private int num = 1;
    private int overplus = 30;

    public void tickets() {
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (num <= 30) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "把第【" + num++ + "】张票卖出去了,剩下【" + --overplus + "】张票");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }

}


3、生产者消费者问题

当只有两个线程时,代码如下

package com.daiy.demopc;

public class PcTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data = new Data();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.add();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "a线程").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.delete();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "b线程").start();
    }
}


class Data {
    private int num = 0;

    //+1操作

    public synchronized void add() throws InterruptedException {
        //如果num不等于0线程则需要等待
        if (num != 0) {
            this.wait();
        }
        //否则执行+1,
        num++;
        //通知其他线程已经+1完毕
        this.notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "加1--->" + num);
    }

    //-1操作
    public synchronized void delete() throws InterruptedException {
        //如果num等于0线程则需要等待
        if (num == 0) {
            this.wait();
        }
        //否则执行-1,
        num--;
        //通知其他线程已经-1完毕
        this.notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "减1--->" + num);

    }
}

执行结果如上,正常,

当线程为2个以上时,在上代码中在加上c线程跟d线程,执行结果如下

执行结果中存在2或者3或者4等,这种情况叫虚假唤醒

当一个条件满足时,很多线程都被唤醒了,但是只有其中部分是有用的唤醒,其它的唤醒都是无用功
比如说买货,如果商品本来没有货物,突然进了一件商品,这是所有的线程都被唤醒了
,但是只能一个人买,所以其他人都是假唤醒,获取不到对象的锁

 

 3.1为什么会出现虚假唤醒

原因:由于在代码中的data()方法,使用了if判断,由于if只会执行一次,执行完会接着向下执行if()外边的代码,

解决方案:while不会,直到条件满足才会向下执行while()外边的代码。

注意:在if块中使用wait方法,是非常危险的,因为一旦线程被唤醒,并得到锁,就不会再判断if条件,而执行if语句块外的代码,所以建议,凡是先要做条件判断,再wait的地方,都使用while循环来做。

3.2 JUC版生产者消费者代码

Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
condition.await();//等待
condition.signalAll();//唤醒全部
package com.daiy.demopc;


import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class PcTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data2 data2 = new Data2();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data2.add();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "a线程").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data2.delete();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "b线程").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data2.add();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "c线程").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data2.delete();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "d线程").start();
    }
}


class Data2 {
    private int num = 0;
    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    //condition.await();//等待
    //condition.signalAll();//唤醒全部

    //+1操作
    public void add() throws InterruptedException {

        lock.lock();
        try {
            //如果num不等于0线程则需要等待
            while (num != 0) {
                condition.await();
            }
            //否则执行+1,
            num++;
            //通知其他线程已经+1完毕
            condition.signalAll();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "加1--->" + num);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //-1操作
    public void delete() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //如果num等于0线程则需要等待
            while (num == 0) {
                condition.await();
            }
            //否则执行-1,
            num--;
            //通知其他线程已经-1完毕
            condition.signalAll();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "减1--->" + num);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
}

3.3condition实现精准通知唤醒

package com.daiy.demopc;


import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * condition实现精准通知唤醒,实现A、B、C依次打印
 */
public class PcTest3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data3 data3 = new Data3();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data3.printA();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "a线程").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data3.printB();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "b线程").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data3.printC();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "c线程").start();
    }
}


class Data3 {
    private int num = 1;
    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition_a = lock.newCondition();
    Condition condition_b = lock.newCondition();
    Condition condition_c = lock.newCondition();


    //打印A
    public void printA() throws InterruptedException {

        lock.lock();
        try {
            //如果num不等于1,condition_a线程则需要等待
            while (num != 1) {
                condition_a.await();
            }
            //num=1则打印A,并让num=2,指定通知condition_b
            num = 2;
            //指定通知condition_b
            condition_b.signal();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->AAA");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //打印B
    public void printB() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //如果num不等于2,condition_b线程则需要等待
            while (num != 2) {
                condition_b.await();
            }
            //num=2则打印B,并让num=3,指定通知condition_c
            num = 3;
            //指定通知condition_c
            condition_c.signal();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->BBB");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }

    //打印C
    public void printC() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //如果num等于0线程则需要等待
            while (num != 3) {
                condition_c.await();
            }
            //num=3则打印C,并让num=1,指定通知condition_a
            num = 1;
            //指定通知condition_a
            condition_a.signal();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->CCC");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
}

 

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