android设计模式之build模式

当我们要复杂对象的创建过程和这个对象的表示（展示）分离开来，一般就会想到build模式。
在android开发中，AlertDialog就是一个很好的例子。初次使用AlertDialog的同学可能会很困惑。为什么AlertDialog不能直接通过new的方式创建出来，要通过new AlertDialog.Builder(this).create()的方式创建。首先我们简单的举个例子：

public class Person
{
   private final String lastName;
   private final String firstName;
   private final String middleName;
   private final String salutation;
   private final String suffix;
   private final String streetAddress;
   private final String city;
   private final String state;
   private final boolean isFemale;
   private final boolean isEmployed;
   private final boolean isHomewOwner;

   public Person(
      final String newLastName,
      final String newFirstName,
      final String newMiddleName,
      final String newSalutation,
      final String newSuffix,
      final String newStreetAddress,
      final String newCity,
      final String newState,
      final boolean newIsFemale,
      final boolean newIsEmployed,
      final boolean newIsHomeOwner)
   {
      this.lastName = newLastName;
      this.firstName = newFirstName;
      this.middleName = newMiddleName;
      this.salutation = newSalutation;
      this.suffix = newSuffix;
      this.streetAddress = newStreetAddress;
      this.city = newCity;
      this.state = newState;
      this.isFemale = newIsFemale;
      this.isEmployed = newIsEmployed;
      this.isHomewOwner = newIsHomeOwner;
   }
}

看这个persion类，不使用build模式，如果想创建对象，只能通过构造函数依次填入参数。但是在这种参数过多的情况下，阅读起来会很困难。还有如果有些参数是可选的时候，我们需要为这个类创建多个构造函数。然后我们看看使用build模式之后：

public class Person
{
   private final String lastName;
   private final String firstName;
   private final String middleName;
   private final String salutation;
   private final String suffix;
   private final String streetAddress;
   private final String city;
   private final String state;
   private final boolean isFemale;
   private final boolean isEmployed;
   private final boolean isHomewOwner;

   public Person(
      final String newLastName,
      final String newFirstName,
      final String newMiddleName,
      final String newSalutation,
      final String newSuffix,
      final String newStreetAddress,
      final String newCity,
      final String newState,
      final boolean newIsFemale,
      final boolean newIsEmployed,
      final boolean newIsHomeOwner)
   {
      this.lastName = newLastName;
      this.firstName = newFirstName;
      this.middleName = newMiddleName;
      this.salutation = newSalutation;
      this.suffix = newSuffix;
      this.streetAddress = newStreetAddress;
      this.city = newCity;
      this.state = newState;
      this.isFemale = newIsFemale;
      this.isEmployed = newIsEmployed;
      this.isHomewOwner = newIsHomeOwner;
   }

   public static class PersonBuilder
   {
      private String nestedLastName;
      private String nestedFirstName;
      private String nestedMiddleName;
      private String nestedSalutation;
      private String nestedSuffix;
      private String nestedStreetAddress;
      private String nestedCity;
      private String nestedState;
      private boolean nestedIsFemale;
      private boolean nestedIsEmployed;
      private boolean nestedIsHomeOwner;

      public PersonBuilder(
         final String newFirstName,
         final String newCity,
         final String newState) 
      {
         this.nestedFirstName = newFirstName;
         this.nestedCity = newCity;
         this.nestedState = newState;
      }

      public PersonBuilder lastName(String newLastName)
      {
         this.nestedLastName = newLastName;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder firstName(String newFirstName)
      {
         this.nestedFirstName = newFirstName;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder middleName(String newMiddleName)
      {
         this.nestedMiddleName = newMiddleName;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder salutation(String newSalutation)
      {
         this.nestedSalutation = newSalutation;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder suffix(String newSuffix)
      {
         this.nestedSuffix = newSuffix;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder streetAddress(String newStreetAddress)
      {
         this.nestedStreetAddress = newStreetAddress;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder city(String newCity)
      {
         this.nestedCity = newCity;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder state(String newState)
      {
         this.nestedState = newState;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder isFemale(boolean newIsFemale)
      {
         this.nestedIsFemale = newIsFemale;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder isEmployed(boolean newIsEmployed)
      {
         this.nestedIsEmployed = newIsEmployed;
         return this;
      }

      public PersonBuilder isHomeOwner(boolean newIsHomeOwner)
      {
         this.nestedIsHomeOwner = newIsHomeOwner;
         return this;
      }

      public Person createPerson()
      {
         return new Person(
            nestedLastName, nestedFirstName, nestedMiddleName,
            nestedSalutation, nestedSuffix,
            nestedStreetAddress, nestedCity, nestedState,
            nestedIsFemale, nestedIsEmployed, nestedIsHomeOwner);
      }
   }
}

每个方法后面都return了this，这样就可以链式调用，就和我们使用dialog时候一样new Person.PersonBuilder(..).set().createPerson().
到这里还有人还疑问，为什么需要这么多此一举，为什么不直接在Person里面添加set方法。
如果采用javabean的写法 先new一个对象然后通过set方法设置属性，会导致这个对象的不确定性，无法保证对象的统一性。后期可以随意set修改。但是build模式的使用必然会增加代码的以及类的数量，具体是不是用build模式还要根据实际情况来看。