经典编程900例（c语言）（第十七篇）

例195：写一个函数计算不定个整型参数的和

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

/**
 * 整型加法函数,参数不定
 */
int add_values(int value, ...)
{
    va_list argument_ptr;
    int result = 0;

    if (value != 0)
    {
        result += value;

        // 初始化刚定义的VA_LIST变量
        va_start(argument_ptr, value);

        // va_arg返回可变的参数, 等于0时停止加
        while ((value = va_arg(argument_ptr, int)) != 0)
            result += value;

        // 结束可变参数的获取
        va_end(argument_ptr);
    }  
    return(result);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    printf("Sum of 3 is %d\n", add_values(3, 0));   // Sum of 3 is 3
    printf("Sum of 3 + 5 is %d\n", add_values(3, 5, 0));    // Sum of 3 + 5 is 8
    printf("Sum of 3 + 5 + 8 is %d\n", add_values(3, 5, 8, 0)); // Sum of 3 + 5 + 8 is 16
    printf("Sum of 3 + 5 + 8 + 9 is %d\n", add_values(3, 5, 8 , 9, 0)); //Sum of 3 + 5 + 8 + 9 is 25

    return 0;
}

例196：写一个函数计算int或double的和

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

/**
 * 根据格式字符串做加法
 */
double add_values(char *str, ...)
{
    va_list marker;
    double result = 0.0;

    va_start(marker, str);

    // 根据第一个字符串参数来返回的参数的类型
    while (*str)
    {
        if (*str == '%')
        {
            // %的下一个字符
            switch (*(++str)) {
                case 'd': 
                    result += va_arg(marker, int);
                    break;
                case 'f': 
                    result += va_arg(marker, double);
                    break;
            }
        }
        str++;
    }

    va_end(marker);
    return(result);    
}
 

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    double result;

    printf("Result %f\n", add_values("%f", 3.3));   // Result 3.300000
    printf("Result %f\n", add_values("%f %f", 1.1, 2.2));   // Result 3.300000
    printf("Result %f\n", add_values("%f %d %f", 1.1, 1, 2.2)); // Result 4.300000
    printf("Result %f\n", add_values("%f %d %f %d", 1.1, 1, 2.2, 3));   // Result 7.300000

    return 0;
}

例197：自定义函数打印一个字符串

#include <stdio.h>

/**
 * 打印字符串函数
 */
void display_backward(char *string)
{
    if (*string)
    {
        display_backward(string+1);
        // 打印指针指向的字符
        putchar(*string);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    display_backward("ABCDE");
    return 0;
}

例198：连续调用两次函数

#include <stdio.h>

void hello_world(void)
{
    printf("Hello, world!\n");
}

void three_hellos(void)
{
    int counter;

    for (counter = 1; counter <= 3; counter++)
        hello_world();
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    three_hellos();
    return 0;
}

例199：写一个函数将字符转为大写

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

void no_change(const char *string)
{ 
    char *alias = string;

    // 用库函数将字符转为大写
    while (*alias)
        // 注意这里的++的执行时间, ‘=’并不会产生序列点《c primer plus》中有说明
        *alias++ = toupper(*alias);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char title[] = "Jamsa's 1001 C/C++ Tips";

    no_change(title);

    printf(title);

    return 0;
}

例200：传递指针参数1

#include <stdio.h>

void change_first(int *first, int second)
{ 
    // 将第二个值通过指针直接赋给第一个
    *first = second;
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int a = 0, b = 5;

    change_first(&a, b);
    printf("Value of a %d value of b %d\n", a, b);

    return 0;
}

例201：传递指针参数2

#include <stdio.h>

void display_and_change(int *first, int *second, int *third)
{
    // 函数执行前变量的值
    printf("Original function values %d %d %d\n", *first, *second, *third);

    *first += 100; 
    *second += 100;
    *third += 100;

    // 函数执行后变量的值
    printf("Ending function values %d %d %d\n", *first, *second, *third);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;

    display_and_change(&a, &b, &c);

    // 函数执行后main中变量的值
    printf("Ending values in main %d %d %d\n", a, b ,c);

    return 0;
}

例202：编译报错

#include <stdio.h>

void no_change(const char *string)
{ 
    while (*string)
        // gcc编译报错 - assignment of read-only location '*string++'
        *string++ = toupper(*string);
}


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char title[] = "Jamsa's 1001 C/C++ Tips";

    no_change(title);

    printf(title);

    return 0;
}

例203：变量的作用域

#include <stdio.h>

int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;

void conflict_a(void)
{
    int a = 100;
    printf("a contains %d b contains %d c contains %d\n", a, b, c); // a contains 100 b contains 2 c contains 3
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    conflict_a();
    printf("a contains %d b contains %d c contains %d\n", a, b, c); // a contains 1 b contains 2 c contains 3

    return 0;
}

例204：全局变量

#include <stdio.h>

int tip_count = 1001;

void show_title(void)
{
    printf("Jamsa's 1001 C/C++ Tips");
}

例205：斐波那契数列

#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int value)
{
    if (value == 1)
        return(1);
    else
        return(value * factorial(value-1));
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int i;

    for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
        printf("The factorial of %d is %d\n", i, factorial(i));
    
    return 0;
}

例206：体会函数调用的时间消耗

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

float add_em(long int a, float b)
{
    float result;

    result = a + b;

    return(result);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    long int i;
    float result = 0;
    time_t start_time, stop_time;

    printf("Working...\n");
    time(&start_time);

	// +10万次
    for (i = 1; i <= 100000L; i++)
        result += i;

    time(&stop_time);

    printf("Using loop %d seconds\n", stop_time - start_time);

    printf("Working...\n");
    time(&start_time);

	// 函数调用+10万次
    for (i = 1; i <= 100000L; i++)
        result = add_em(i, result);

    time(&stop_time);

    printf("Using function %d seconds\n", stop_time - start_time);
    return 0;
}