iPhone/iOS图片相关(读取、保存、绘制、其它相关)

一.读取图片

1.从资源(resource)读取

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1. UIImage* image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];  

2.从网络读取

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1. NSURL *url=[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.sinaimg.cn/qc/photo_auto/chezhan/2012/50/00/15/80046_950.jpg"];  
2. UIImage *imgFromUrl =[[UIImage alloc]initWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url]];  

3.从手机本地读取

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1. //读取本地图片非resource  
2. NSString *aPath3=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/Documents/%@.jpg",NSHomeDirectory(),@"test"];  
3. UIImage *imgFromUrl3=[[UIImage alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:aPath3];  
4. UIImageView* imageView3=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:imgFromUrl3];  

4.从现有的context中获得图像

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1. //add ImageIO.framework and #import <ImageIO/ImageIO.h>    
2. CGImageSourceRef source = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL((CFURLRef)url, NULL);  
3. CGImageRef img= CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source,0,NULL);  
4. CGContextRef ctx=UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();  
5. CGContextSaveGState(ctx);  
6. //transformCTM的2种方式  
7. //CGContextConcatCTM(ctx, CGAffineTransformMakeScale(.2, -0.2));  
8. //CGContextScaleCTM(ctx,1,-1);  
9. //注意坐标要反下,用ctx来作为图片源   
10. CGImageRef capture=CGBitmapContextCreateImage(ctx);  
11. CGContextDrawImage(ctx, CGRectMake(160, 0, 160, 230), [image CGImage]);  
12. CGContextDrawImage(ctx, CGRectMake(160, 230, 160, 230), img);  
13. CGImageRef capture2=CGBitmapContextCreateImage(ctx);  

5.用Quartz的CGImageSourceRef来读取图片

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1. CGImageSourceRef source = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL((CFURLRef)url, NULL);  
2. CGImageRef img= CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source,0,NULL);  

二.保存图片

1.转换成NSData来保存图片（imgFromUrl是UIImage）

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1. //保存图片 2种获取路径都可以  
2. //NSArray*paths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);  
3. //NSString*documentsDirectory=[paths objectAtIndex:0];    
4. //NSString*aPath=[documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpg",@"test"]];   
5. NSString *aPath=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/Documents/%@.jpg",NSHomeDirectory(),@"test"];  
6. NSData *imgData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(imgFromUrl,0);      
7. [imgData writeToFile:aPath atomically:YES];     

2.用Quartz的CGImageDestinationRef来输出图片，这个方式不常见，所以不做介绍，详细可以看apple文档Quartz 2D Programming Guide

三.绘制图(draw|painting)

1.UIImageView方式加入到UIView层

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1. UIImageView* imageView=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:image];  
2. imageView.frame=CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);  
3. [self addSubview:imageView];  
4. [imageView release];  

2.[img drawAtPoint]系列方法

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1. [image4 drawAtPoint:CGPointMake(100, 0)];    

3.CGContextDrawImage

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1. CGContextDrawImage(ctx, CGRectMake(160, 0, 160, 230), [image CGImage]);  

4.CGLayer

这个是apple推荐的一种offscreen的绘制方法，相比bitmapContext更好，因为它似乎会利用iphone硬件(drawing-card)加速

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1. CGLayerRef cg=CGLayerCreateWithContext(ctx, CGSizeMake(320, 480), NULL);  
2. //需要将CGLayerContext来作为缓存context，这个是必须的  
3. CGContextRef layerContext=CGLayerGetContext(cg);  
4. CGContextDrawImage(layerContext, CGRectMake(160, 230, 160, 230), img);   
5. CGContextDrawLayerAtPoint(ctx, CGPointMake(0, 0), cg);  

5.CALayer的contents

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1. UIImage* image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];  
2. CALayer *ly=[CALayer layer];  
3. ly.frame=CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 460);  
4. ly.contents=[image CGImage];  
5. [self.layer addSublayer:ly];  

四.其它

1.CGImage和UIImage互换

这样就可以随时切换UIKit和Quartz之间类型，并且选择您熟悉的方式来处理图片.

CGImage cgImage=[uiImage CGImage];

UIImage* uiImage=[UIImage imageWithCGImage:cgImage];

2.UIImage resizableImageWithCapInsets的问题

假设一张44x29的图片，同样的Insets=UIEdgeInsetsMake(10,10,10,10)在@2x情况和非@2x情况下，表现会有不同，非@2x是OK正常的，但是如果同样尺寸的图片变成@2x,则导致在切换过渡的时候会很卡，应该是在不同的重绘导致的，表面原因是因为Insets设置的是点，在@2x情况下拉伸，其实拉升的像素是上面20，下面也是20，但是图片其实只有29，所以导致不正确，只要将insets设置成=UIEdgeInsetsMake(5,10,5,10)就正常了，所以以后要注意了。

3.动画图片使用注意

animationImage 设置完毕以后要startAnimation.不会自动启动动画图片。

此外在读取大量动画图片的时候不太适合用这个方法，因为一下子那么多图片容易爆掉。可以用这个方法替代，具体我也没试，方法就是手动切换图片，并非直接使用系统方法而已。

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1. imgV=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(40, 40, 128, 128)];  
2. [self.window addSubview:imgV];  
3. [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(playAnim)withObject:nil];  
4.   
5. [imgV release];  
6. -(void)playAnim{  
7. for (int i=0;i<101;){  
8. usleep(100000);  
9. UIImage *image=[[UIImage alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",i+1 ] ofType:@"tiff"]];  
10. [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(changeImage:) withObject:image waitUntilDone:YES];  
11. i++;  
12.   
13. }  
14. }   
15. -(void)changeImage:(UIImage*)image{  
16. imgV.image=image;   
17. }   

相关帖子：http://www.cocoachina.com/bbs/read.php?tid=110154

4.UIControl设置UIImage

问题描述主要是有一个很小的叉按钮，需要响应很大的点击区域，这个其实很简单，代码如下：

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1. UIImage *bg=[UIImage imageNamed:@"heizi1.jpg"];  
2.      //图片大于点及区域，缩小下就行  
3.      bg=[self scaleImage:bg ToSize:(CGSize){100,100}];  
4.      UIButton* button = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200)];  
5.      //图片大于button，则会被拉伸，如果小于button则居中显示  
6.      [button setImage:bg forState:UIControlStateNormal];  

此外多说一句，这个icon图片如果要准备2套图,缩放毕竟消耗效率

缩放图片代码

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1. -(UIImage *)scaleImage:(UIImage *)img ToSize:(CGSize)itemSize{  
2.   
3. UIImage *i;  
4. //    CGSize itemSize=CGSizeMake(30, 30);  
5. UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(itemSize);  
6. CGRect imageRect=CGRectMake(0, 0, itemSize.width, itemSize.height);  
7. [img drawInRect:imageRect];  
8. i=UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();  
9. UIGraphicsEndImageContext();  
10. return i;  

从view截图出来

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1. #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>  
2.   
3. -(UIImage *)getImageFromView:(UIView *)orgView{  
4.     UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(orgView.bounds.size);  
5.     [orgView.layer renderInContext:UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()];  
6.     UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();  
7.     UIGraphicsEndImageContext();  
8.      
9.     return image;  
10. }  

截屏的几种方式

1.
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(pageView.page.bounds.size, YES, zoomScale);
        [pageView.page.layer renderInContext:UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()];
        UIImage *uiImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
2.
- (UIImage *) glToUIImage {
       DWScrollView *pageView = [self getActivePageView];
       pageView.page.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
       // self.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor];
       NSInteger myDataLength = 320 * 308 * 4;
    
        // allocate array and read pixels into it.
        GLubyte *buffer = (GLubyte *) malloc(myDataLength);
        glReadPixels(0, 0, 320, 308, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer);
    
        // gl renders "upside down" so swap top to bottom into new array.
        // there's gotta be a better way, but this works.
        GLubyte *buffer2 = (GLubyte *) malloc(myDataLength);
    
        for(int y = 0; y <308; y++)
        {
            for(int x = 0; x <320 * 4; x++)
            {
                if(buffer[y* 4 * 320 + x]==0)
                    buffer2[(307 - y) * 320 * 4 + x]=1;
                else
                    buffer2[(307 - y) * 320 * 4 + x] = buffer[y* 4 * 320 + x];
            }
        }
    
    // make data provider with data.
    CGDataProviderRef provider = CGDataProviderCreateWithData(NULL, buffer2, myDataLength, NULL);
    
    // prep the ingredients
    int bitsPerComponent = 8;
    int bitsPerPixel = 32;
    int bytesPerRow = 4 * 320;
    CGColorSpaceRef colorSpaceRef = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
    CGBitmapInfo bitmapInfo = kCGBitmapByteOrderDefault;
    CGColorRenderingIntent renderingIntent = kCGRenderingIntentDefault;
    
    // make the cgimage
    CGImageRef
imageRef = CGImageCreate(320, 308, bitsPerComponent, bitsPerPixel, 
bytesPerRow, colorSpaceRef, bitmapInfo, provider, NULL, NO, 
renderingIntent);
    
    // then make the uiimage from that
    UIImage *myImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef];
    UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(myImage, nil, nil, nil);
    return myImage;
}

3.
// get screen
- (void)grabScreen {
    unsigned char buffer[320*480*4];
    glReadPixels(0,0,320,480,GL_RGBA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,&buffer);
    
    CGDataProviderRef ref = CGDataProviderCreateWithData(NULL, &buffer, 320*480*4, NULL);
    CGImageRef
iref = 
CGImageCreate(320,480,8,32,320*4,CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(),kCGBitmapByteOrderDefault,ref,NULL,true,kCGRenderingIntentDefault);
    CGFloat width = CGImageGetWidth(iref);
    CGFloat height = CGImageGetHeight(iref);
    size_t length = width*height*4;
    uint32_t *pixels = (uint32_t *)malloc(length);
    CGContextRef
context = CGBitmapContextCreate(pixels, width, height, 8, 320*4, 
CGImageGetColorSpace(iref), kCGImageAlphaLast | 
kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big);
    CGContextTranslateCTM(context, 0.0, height);
    CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1.0, -1.0);
    CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, width, height), iref);
    CGImageRef outputRef = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context);
    UIImage *outputImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:outputRef];
    
    UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(outputImage, nil, nil, nil); 
    
    CGContextRelease(context);
    CGImageRelease(iref);
    CGDataProviderRelease(ref);
} 
4.
CGImageRef UIGetScreenImage();
void SaveScreenImage(NSString *path)
{
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    CGImageRef cgImage = UIGetScreenImage();
        void *imageBytes = NULL;
        if (cgImage == NULL) {
                CGColorSpaceRef colorspace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
                imageBytes = malloc(320 * 480 * 4);
                CGContextRef
context = CGBitmapContextCreate(imageBytes, 320, 480, 8, 320 * 4, 
colorspace, kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipFirst | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big);
                CGColorSpaceRelease(colorspace);
                for (UIWindow *window in [[UIApplication sharedApplication] windows]) {
                        CGRect bounds = [window bounds];
                        CALayer *layer = [window layer];
                        CGContextSaveGState(context);
                        if ([layer contentsAreFlipped]) {
                                CGContextTranslateCTM(context, 0.0f, bounds.size.height);
                                CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1.0f, -1.0f);
                        }
                        [layer renderInContext:(CGContextRef)context];
                        CGContextRestoreGState(context);
                }
                cgImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context);
                CGContextRelease(context);
        }
    NSData *pngData = UIImagePNGRepresentation([UIImage imageWithCGImage:cgImage]);
    CGImageRelease(cgImage);
        if (imageBytes)
                free(imageBytes);
    [pngData writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    [pool release];
}

5.
  + (UIImage *)imageWithScreenContents
{
     CGImageRef cgScreen = UIGetScreenImage();
     if (cgScreen) {
         UIImage *result = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:cgScreen];
         CGImageRelease(cgScreen);
         return result;
     }
     return nil;
} 


在程序中如何把两张图片合成为一张图片   
- (UIImage *)addImage:(UIImage *)image1 toImage:(UIImage *)image2 {  
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(image1.size);  

    // Draw image1  
    [image1 drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, image1.size.width, image1.size.height)];  

    // Draw image2  
    [image2 drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, image2.size.width, image2.size.height)];  

    UIImage *resultingImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();  

    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();  

    return resultingImage;  
}

ios6的截屏会黑修改方式如下

第一种：设置GLView的preserveBackbuffer属性值为YES： 本文来自酷玩族 kuwanzu.net

在AppDelegate.m文件中找到：

EAGLView *glView = [EAGLView viewWithFrame:[window bounds] pixelFormat:kEAGLColorFormatRGB565 // kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8 depthFormat:0 // GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16_OES ];

将其修改为：

EAGLView *glView = [EAGLView viewWithFrame:[window bounds] pixelFormat:kEAGLColorFormatRGB565 // kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8 depthFormat:0 // GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16_OES preserveBackbuffer:YES sharegroup:nil multiSampling:NO numberOfSamples:0 ];

第二种：使用以下一种截屏函数：

+(UIImage*) makeaShot { [CCDirector sharedDirector].nextDeltaTimeZero = YES; CGSize winSize = [CCDirector sharedDirector].winSize; CCLayerColor* whitePage = [CCLayerColor layerWithColor:ccc4(255, 255, 255, 0) width:winSize.width height:winSize.height]; whitePage.position = ccp(winSize.width/2, winSize.height/2); CCRenderTexture* rtx = [CCRenderTexture renderTextureWithWidth:winSize.width height:winSize.height]; [rtx begin]; [whitePage visit]; [[[CCDirector sharedDirector] runningScene] visit]; [rtx end]; return [rtx getUIImageF rom Buffer]; } -(UIImage*) screenshotWithStartNode:(CCNode*)startNode { [CCDirector sharedDirector].nextDeltaTimeZero = YES; CGSize winSize = [CCDirector sharedDirector].winSize; CCRenderTexture* rtx = [CCRenderTexture renderTextureWithWidth:winSize.width height:winSize.height]; [rtx begin]; [startNode visit]; [rtx end]; return [rtx getUIImage]; } CCScene *scene = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] runningScene]; CCNode *n = [scene.children objectAtIndex:0]; UIImage *img = [self screenshotWithStartNode:n];