vmstat

解读 Linux 性能指标

vm mode

vmstat [options] [delay [ count]]

-S: 内存显示单位

• delay
  The first line of data returned by vmstat reports averages since the system was booted.
  The subsequent lines are averages within the previous sample period, which defaults to five seconds.

• count
  不指定 count 将一直运行，指定 count 之后输出 count 次就退出。

$ vmstat 1 5
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0      0 4964580 217672 5627192    0    0     0     2    1    1  2  1 98  0  0
 0  0      0 4964316 217672 5627208    0    0     0    64 14535 29239  2  1 98  0  0
 1  0      0 4964316 217672 5627216    0    0     0     0 14818 29667  2  1 98  0  0
 0  0      0 4964324 217672 5627224    0    0     0     0 14826 29724  2  0 98  0  0
 0  0      0 4964324 217672 5627232    0    0     0     0 14823 29797  2  1 97  0  0

输出

• Procs
  r: The number of processes waiting for run time.
  b: The number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.

• Memory
  swpd: the amount of virtual memory used.
  free: the amount of idle memory.
  buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
  cache: the amount of memory used as cache.
  inact: the amount of inactive memory. (-a option)
  active: the amount of active memory. (-a option)

• Swap
  si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).(Default unit: KB/s)
  so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).(Default unit: KB/s)

• IO
  bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
  bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).

• System
  in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
  cs: The number of context switches per second.

• CPU
  These are percentages of total CPU time.
  us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
  sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
  id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
  wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, included in idle.
  st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Prior to Linux 2.6.11, unknown.
  us+sy+id=100

Note:
1. 无论是第一行还是后续行，Proc 和 Memory 列都是瞬时值(instantaneous);
2. IO, Swap, System 都是统计时长内的平均值（速率）。对于第一行，就是总值/开机时间；对于后续行，就是 delay 期间的综治/delay