主机名、服务与地址的映射——getaddrinfo(),getnameinfo(),gai_strerror()

/* Structure to contain information about address of a service provider.  */
struct addrinfo
{
  int ai_flags;			/* Input flags.  */
  int ai_family;		/* Protocol family for socket.  */
  int ai_socktype;		/* Socket type.  */
  int ai_protocol;		/* Protocol for socket.  */
  socklen_t ai_addrlen;		/* Length of socket address.  */
  struct sockaddr *ai_addr;	/* Socket address for socket.  */
  char *ai_canonname;		/* Canonical name for service location.  */
  struct addrinfo *ai_next;	/* Pointer to next in list.  */
};

getaddrinfo()

The getaddrinfo function allows us to map a host name and a service name to an address.(APUE-2e)

int getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res);
const char *gai_strerror(int errcode);

"hints" 并不是缩写，就是英文愿意“线索，提示”的意思

Note:

(1) getaddrinfo() sets res to point to a dynamically-allocated linked list of  addrinfo  structures, linked by the ai_next member.   There are several reasons why the linked list may have more than one addrinfo structure, including:  if  the  network host is multi-homed; or if the same service is available from multiple socket  protocols  (one SOCK_STREAM address and another SOCK_DGRAM address, for example).

(2) If getaddrinfo fails, we can't use perror or strerror to generate an error message. Instead, we need to callgai_strerrorto convert the error code returned into an error message.

下面的 getnameinfo 也用 gai_strerror 收集错误信息。

(3) 注意addrinfo.ai_flags AI_*的含义（见例子）

(4) getaddri