JavaWeb - (Servlet_HTTP_Request _Response)

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  一   Servlet 常见配置问题

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1. 解决无法自动导入 HTTPServlet 包的问题

          

2. TomCat 移动盘符后 ，修改配置

3. 部署工件出错 

第一种情况. 注意@WebServlet的路径不能相同

第二种情况.导入jia包

4. TomCat 9 控制台乱码问题  

 

在末尾加上这两行
-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
-Deditable.java.test.console=true

或者在虚拟机选项填入 -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8

5.  无法直接创建  Servlet 类

6. Tomcat7 参数乱码问题

将参数 ：rname = new String(rname.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");

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一. HTTP协议：

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1. 概念

2. 请求消息数据格式

          

3. 响应消息的数据格式 

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二 Request对象

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1. request和response的原理 _request对象继承体系结构：

2. request功能： 

 

代码演示：

        //1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
        //2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        //3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);
        //4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
        //5.(*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
        System.out.println(requestURL);
        //6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);
        //7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);
    }

                        

获取请求头数据方法代码演示：

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据

        //1.获取所有请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }
    }


//------------------通过获取请求头referer数据防盗链-----------------------

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据:referer

        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);//http://localhost/day14/login.html

        //防盗链
        if(referer != null ){
            if(referer.contains("/day14")){
                //正常访问
               // System.out.println("播放电影....");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");
            }else{
                //盗链
                //System.out.println("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
            }
        }
    }

 获取请求体数据方法代码演示：

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求消息体--请求参数

        //1.获取字符流
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        //2.读取数据
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line); // username=zhangsan&password=123
        }

    }

 

             

获取请求参数通用方式代码演示：

public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //post 获取请求参数

        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");

       //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }

        //获取所有请求的参数名称
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(value);
            System.out.println("----------------");
        }

        // 获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        //遍历
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : keyset) {
            
            //获取键获取值
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }
            System.out.println("-----------------");
        }
    }
}

 请求转发和共享数据方法代码演示：

@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo8888被访问了。。。");
        //转发到demo9资源

        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9");
        requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);

        //存储数据到request域中
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");

        //链式编程
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

        System.out.println("demo9999被访问了。。。");

    }

3. 通过连接数据库 来 验证登录用户名和密码 是否正确（ 综合Request知识点 ）

       步骤：

      1. 创建数据库并导入jia包 和 数据库连接池配置文件 durid.properties

         2. 创建user对象并在web包下创建 login.html页面

        3. 创建 JDBCUnit工具类

         4.  创建类，类中定义执行 sql语句返回 user对象的方法

         5.  

@WebServlet("/curry") /* 一定要注意加这个@WebServlet 不然部署工件出错 */
public class loginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 根据参数名称(from表单里面的name属性)获取值
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        //2.创建user对象用于与数据库查询出来的对象进行比较
        user loginUser  = new user();
        loginUser.setUsername(username);
        loginUser.setPassword(password);

        // 第2步封装对象用 BeanUtils工具类更加简便 导包时候注意 导入 apache的
        Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();//获取所有参数的键值对集合
        user loginUser = new user();
        //populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息，封装到对应的JavaBean对象中
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(loginUser,map);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


        //3.创建 loginJDBCTemplate 对象调用方法查询
        loginJDBCTemplate user = new loginJDBCTemplate();
        user rsUser = user.login(loginUser);

        //4.根据返回值判断进入不同页面
        if (rsUser == null){
            //4.1 根据用户输入的用户名和密码未查询到,然后请求转发
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/fail").forward(req,resp);

        }else {
            //4.2 查询到后存储数据
            req.setAttribute("user",rsUser);
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/success").forward(req,resp);
        }
    }
}

        6.  查询成功请求转发到这里

@WebServlet("/success")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        user user = (user)req.getAttribute("user");

        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("成功"+user.getUsername());
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

        7.  查询失败请求转发到这里

@WebServlet("/fail")
public class failServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("sbai");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

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二.  Response对象

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1. 功能 

2. 知识点 

1.重定向和转发的区别 

2.  路径写法

3. 案例 

  ① 简单重定向

@WebServlet("/responseDemo1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo1........");

        // 要求：访问/responseDemo1，会自动跳转到/responseDemo2资源
        // 1.设置状态码为302
        response.setStatus(302);
        //2.设置响应头location
        response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");

        //简单的重定向方法
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/responseDemo2");
        //访问其他站点
        //response.sendRedirect("http://www.itcast.cn");

    }

 2.  服务器输出字符和字节数据到浏览器

//输出字符到浏览器
@WebServlet("/responseDemo4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        //简单的形式，设置编码
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //1.获取字符输出流
        PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
        //2.输出数据
        //pw.write("<h1>hello response</h1>");
        pw.write("你好啊啊啊 response");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

//输出字节到浏览器
@WebServlet("/responseDemo5")
public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //1.获取字节输出流
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        //2.输出数据
        sos.write("你好".getBytes("utf-8"));
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

3. 点击切换图片验证码

@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        int width = 100;
        int height = 50;

        //1.创建一对象，在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        //2.美化图片
        //2.1 填充背景色
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
        g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);

        //2.2画边框
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawRect(0,0,width - 1,height - 1);

        String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //生成随机角标
        Random ran = new Random();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
            int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
            //获取字符
            char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
            //2.3写验证码
            g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
        }

        //2.4画干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);

        //随机生成坐标点

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);

            int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
            int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
            g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
        }

        //3.将图片输出到页面展示
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

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  四 . BeanUtils工具类，简化数据封装

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代码演示：

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4 . ServletContext对象

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1. 概念&获取对象 

 

   @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        ServletContext servletContext1 = request.getServletContext();

    }

2. 功能（获取MIME类型_域对象_真实服务路径）

 代码演示：

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //3. 定义文件名称
        String filename = "a.jpg";

        //4.获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
        System.out.println(mimeType);//image/jpeg
    }

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        
        // 获取文件的服务器路径
        String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
        System.out.println(b);
       // File file = new File(realPath);

        String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(c);

        String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(a);
    }

3. 文件下载案例（Response_ServletContext）

@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取请求参数，文件名称
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
        //2.1找到文件服务器路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
        //2.2用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);

        //3.设置response的响应头
        //3.1设置响应头类型：content-type
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
        response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);

   //解决中文文件名问题
        //3.2.获取user-agent请求头、
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //3.3.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
        filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);
        //3.4.设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
  response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);

        //4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
            sos.write(buff,0,len);
        }

        fis.close();
    }