BroadcastReceiver的基本使用

简介

标准广播
无法截断，所有广播接收器都可收到

有序广播

• 具有优先级，广播接收器有接收的先后顺序
• 可被截断
  

广播的接收

动态注册监听网络变化

1. 实例化一个IntentFilter，添加动作android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE

   intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
   intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");

2. 定义广播接收者

   class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
   
       @Override
       public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
           Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "net change", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
       }
   }

3. 实例化广播接收者，并且添加注册解注册

   networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
   
   registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
   //在onCreate中注册，就在onDestory中解注册。同样onResume与onPause
    protected void onDestroy() {
       super.onDestroy();
       unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
   }

静态注册实现开机启动

动态注册时，只有在程序启动之后才可以接收到广播，因为注册的逻辑在onCreate中（不过粘性广播是个特例，又不过粘性广播已经在5.0废除），像开机启动这种就要静态注册
1. 新建BootCompleteReceiver

public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "Boot Complete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

2. 在清单文件中加入权限和注册BootCompleteReceiver

开机监听权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
注册广播接收器
<receiver android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver">
      <intent-filter>
          <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
      </intent-filter>
</receiver>

在onReceive（）中不要进行耗时操作，也不允许开启线程，一种打开程序其他组件的角色，比如创建一条状态栏通知，或者启动一个服务

发送自定义广播

发送标准广播

1. 建立广播接收器

   public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
       @Override
       public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
       }
   }

2. 注册广播接收器

   自定义了action：com.example.broadcasttest. MY_BROADCAST
   <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver">
       <intent-filter>
           <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest. MY_BROADCAST"/>
       </intent-filter>
   </receiver>

   3.发送广播

       Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
       sendBroadcast(intent);

发送有序广播

1. 发送

   Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
   sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);

2. 设置优先级

   <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver">
       <intent-filter android:priority="100" >
           <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
       </intent-filter>
   </receiver>

3. 截断广播

   public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
       @Override
       public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
           //截断广播
           abortBroadcast();
       }
   }

使用本地广播

发出的广播只能够在应用程序的内部进行传递，并且广播接收器也只能接收来自本应用程序发出的广播

• 使用 LocalBroadcastManager替代Context，除此之外与全局广播 ，即注册、解注册、发送都是用LocalBroadcastManager

本地广播步骤：

private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;

//实例化LocalBroadcastManager
localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);

//发送广播
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
    /**
    全局广播使用Context.sendBroadcast()，而本地广播使用localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent)，所以说使用LocalBroadcastManager替代Context
    **/
localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent); 

//注册接收器
intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
mReceiver = new MyReceiver();
localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(mReceiver, intentFilter);

//解注册
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
}