CentOS安装Oracle11g（单机）
准备介质
- p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip、p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
Centos7网络配置（可以在网管的协助下进行操作！）
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=ewell01
GATEWAY=172.101.36.254 (什么地址最好询问网络管理员）
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 (后面网卡名根据自己实际情况）
要添加以下：
IPADDR=172.101.36.243
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=172.101.36.254
DNS1=172.101.36.254
以下两项必须注意修改参数
ONBOOT=yes
DEFROUTE=yes
系统操作
HOSTNAME=ora11g
echo "$HOSTNAME">/etc/hostname
echo "$(grep -E '127|::1' /etc/hosts)">/etc/hosts
echo "$(ip a|grep "inet "|grep -v 127|awk -F'[ /]' '{print $6}') $HOSTNAME">>/etc/hosts
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/default.target
ln -s /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl stop iptables
# 可以不执行,影响不大
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl stop NetworkManager-dispatcher
systemctl stop postfix
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl disable iptables
systemctl disable NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager-dispatcher
systemctl disable postfix
systemctl list-unit-files --type=service|grep 'enabled'
reboot
修改yum源（如安装过程出现问题，可以恢复之前的yum源）
root用户登录：
mkdir /iso
echo '/dev/sr0 /iso iso9660 defaults 0 0'>>/etc/fstab
mount -a
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/p.repo<<EOF
[p]
name=p
baseurl=file:///iso/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
yum clean all
yum makecache
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ 可修改yum源
矫正服务器系统时间
rm -rf /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
md5sum /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo 'UseDNS no'>>/etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i 's/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes$/GSSAPIAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
systemctl restart sshd
# 这一步出现问题，可修改yum源进行解决！！
yum -y install ntpdate
echo 'nameserver 114.114.114.114'>/etc/resolv.conf
echo 'nameserver 223.5.5.5'>>/etc/resolv.conf
echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8'>>/etc/resolv.conf
ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org
echo '/usr/sbin/ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org'>>/etc/rc.local
crontab -l>/tmp/crontab.tmp
echo '#OS Time Sync'>>/tmp/crontab.tmp
echo '0 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org>>/root/ntpdate.log 2>&1;/sbin/hwclock -w'>>/tmp/crontab.tmp
cat /tmp/crontab.tmp |crontab
rm -rf /tmp/crontab.tmp
date +%F" "%T
创建用户组和用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
# 服务器一定要配置成新建用户同时新建用户家目录！！！
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
echo oracle|passwd --stdin oracle
echo 'fs.suid_dumpable = 1'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'fs.file-max = 6815744'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'kernel.shmmni = 4096'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'kernel.shmmax = 1075267584'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'kernel.shmall = 2097152'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.core.rmem_default = 1048576'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.core.rmem_max = 4194304'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.core.wmem_default = 262144'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.core.wmem_max = 1048586'>>/etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
echo 'oracle soft nproc 2047'>>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo 'oracle hard nproc 16384'>>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo 'oracle soft nofile 4096'>>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo 'oracle hard nofile 65536'>>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo 'oracle soft stack 10240'>>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo 'session required pam_limits.so'>>/etc/pam.d/login
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01
下载依赖库
粘贴到命令行执行即可：
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf gcc gcc-c++ \
glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel \
libgomp libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel numactl-devel kernel-headers glibc-headers \
glibc-devel elfutils-libelf-devel pdksh readline-dev* libXp-* unzip perl psmisc
配置oracle用户的环境变量
su - oracle
# 注意.bash_profile是隐藏文件
vi .bash_profile
#####ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rhel55; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
#####ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
source .bash_profile
Oracle11g静默安装
将oracle介质上传到/tmp/目录下，root用户执行：
chown oracle: /tmp/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_*
su - oracle
cd /tmp
# linux安装zip unzip: yum install -y unzip zip;
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip && unzip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
cd database/
# 复制粘贴执行即可#############开始######################
cat >>/tmp/database/response/install_11g.rsp<<EOF
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=true
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.3.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
EOF
################结束###################
# 很重要的一个过程,出现警告正常，出现FATAL不可继续执行！！！
# 出现FATAL,请检查tmp及其子目录是否有多余的一些垃圾文件
# 这个执行过程是很长的，一定要等待这一步完全执行完成，方可进行下一步操作，可以通过：ps -ef | grep oracle ,查看此命令的执行进程！！！！！
./runInstaller -force -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/install_11g.rsp
su - root
# 以 root 用户的身份执行以下脚本:
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
执行完成出现：Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/root_ora11g_2018-07-06_14-18-06.log for the output of root script 正常情况！！！
到这一步，可以尝试使用sqlplus命令，如果sqlplus不可行，不可继续执行！创建监听
su - oracle
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
cat >>/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora<<EOF
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = $(/sbin/ip a|grep "inet "|grep -v 127|awk -F'[ /]' '{print $6}'))(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
EOF
# 启动监听必须是oracle用户
lsnrctl start
建库脚本
su -
mkdir -p /oradata/orcl
chown -R oracle: /oradata
su - oracle
###建库脚本，执行并挂到后台
vi dbca.sh
# 以下是脚本内容：****************************************
#!/bin/bash
cat >>/home/oracle/init.ora<<EOF
db_block_size=8192
open_cursors=300
db_domain=""
db_name="orcl"
control_files=("/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl", "/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl", "/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl")
compatible=11.2.0.0.0
diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle
memory_target=842006528
processes=150
audit_file_dest="/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"
audit_trail=db
remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
EOF
OLD_UMASK=`umask`
umask 0027
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/dpdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
umask ${OLD_UMASK}
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
#echo You should Add this entry in the /etc/oratab: orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y
echo 'orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N'>>/etc/oratab
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/sqlplus /nolog<<EOF
set verify off
host /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl password='oracle' force=y
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"oracle" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /home/oracle/CreateDB.log append
startup nomount pfile="/home/oracle/init.ora";
CREATE DATABASE "orcl"
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 600M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SMALLFILE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SMALLFILE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oradata/orcl/redo01.log') SIZE 51200K,
GROUP 2 ('/oradata/orcl/redo02.log') SIZE 51200K,
GROUP 3 ('/oradata/orcl/redo03.log') SIZE 51200K
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY "oracle" USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "oracle";
spool off
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"oracle" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /home/oracle/CreateDBFiles.log append
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SIZE 5M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS";
spool off
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"oracle" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /home/oracle/CreateDBCatalog.log append
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql;
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql;
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb;
connect "SYSTEM"/"oracle"
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;
connect "SYSTEM"/"oracle"
set echo on
spool /home/oracle/sqlPlusHelp.log append
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql;
spool off
spool off
SET VERIFY OFF
set echo on
spool /home/oracle/lockAccount.log append
BEGIN
FOR item IN ( SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS IN ('OPEN', 'LOCKED', 'EXPIRED') AND USERNAME NOT IN (
'SYS','SYSTEM') )
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Locking and Expiring: ' || item.USERNAME);
execute immediate 'alter user ' ||
sys.dbms_assert.enquote_name(
sys.dbms_assert.schema_name(
item.USERNAME),false) || ' password expire account lock' ;
END LOOP;
END;
/
spool off
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"oracle" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /home/oracle/postDBCreation.log append
execute DBMS_AUTO_TASK_ADMIN.disable();
@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catbundle.sql psu apply;
select 'utl_recomp_begin: ' || to_char(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS') from dual;
execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial();
select 'utl_recomp_end: ' || to_char(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS') from dual;
connect "SYS"/"oracle" as SYSDBA
set echo on
create spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora' FROM pfile='/home/oracle/init.ora';
shutdown immediate;
connect "SYS"/"oracle" as SYSDBA
startup ;
spool off
exit;
EOF
# 以上是脚本内容：****************************************
chmod +x dbca.sh
# (一定注意这个执行过程是很长的！！！)
# ./dbca.sh & 隐藏sql执行过程（不建议）
./dbca.sh
启动oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
#将默认的密码生存周期由180天改为无限制
alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;
shutdown immediate;
#关闭默认库级审计
startup
alter system set deferred_segment_creation=false;
#关闭段延迟分配
###################################################
host mkdir -p /oradata/arch/orcl
alter system set log_archive_format='arch_%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_10='location=/oradata/arch/orcl/' scope=spfile;
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
alter system archive log current;
alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=30;
执行完成这一步，其实数据库已经可以正常使用了！！！修改数据库字符集和默认时间格式
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8安装oracle11g补丁（本人未操作过，操作需谨慎！！！）
- 准备介质p23274134_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip、/tmp/p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
chown oracle: /tmp/p23274134_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
chown oracle: /tmp/p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
su - oracle
cd /tmp/
unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
cp -av /tmp/OPatch/* $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
rm -rf /tmp/p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
rm -rf /tmp/OPatch
lsnrctl stop
echo 'shutdown immediate'|sqlplus / as sysdba
unzip p23274134_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
cd /tmp/23274134/23054359
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply
#需要确认，忽略邮箱的输入，继续即可
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup;
@catbundle.sql psu apply
set linesize 150
col ACTION_TIME for a30
col ACTION for a10
col NAMESPACE for a10
col VERSION for a10
col COMMENTS for a30
select * from dba_registry_history;
shutdown immediate;
exit
cd /tmp/
rm -rf /tmp/p23274134_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
rm -rf /tmp/23274134
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