CLOSE_WAIT和TIME_WAIT的产生及详解

TIME_WAIT是主动关闭的那一方产生的，CLOSE_WAIT是被动一方产生的

今天花了点时间搞了下CLOSE_WAIT的实验，记录于此，close_wait是怎么产生的呢？想一下TCP的四次挥手，客户端主动关闭连接发送一个FIN请求，服务器收到了这个FIN请求要回一个ACK，如果服务器没发送ACK，服务器（被动关闭的一方）这端将进入CLOSE_WAIT状态，而客户端进入（FIN_WAIT_2)这个状态。通过命令netstat -ant来查看（a显示所有信息，t是tcp，n是有效连接和端口），9997是服务器监听的端口。

在epoll模型中，检测到可读为0的时候，也不去处理close，这样就会产生close_wait状态

也可以通过管道来查询close_wait

netstat -ant | grep CLOSE_WAIT

产生CLOSE_WAIT的原因也可能是因为close是对fd（文件描述符，这里指的是套接字）减1，要等fd的引用计数为0才关闭，可以引用计数很多次，如果想直接关闭，可以采用shutdown函数。目前我的了解是在多进程的情况下，文件描述符都增加，其他什么时候能增1我也不太清楚

TIME_WAIT

让我们来看一下TIME_WAIT，把刚才测试用例的close函数的注释去掉。客户端的套接字进入TIME_WAIT状态

struct linger li = { 1 , 0 };
    ::setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_LINGER,&li,sizeof(li));

解决TIME_WAIT可以给套接字设置个属性，linger第一个成员非0，第二个成员为0，TCP将丢弃保留套接字发送缓冲区中的任何数据，并且发送一个RST给对端

测试代码如下，主要的代码出自LINUX高性能服务器编程这本书，我觉得作者写的十分的好，我在linux大部分测试代码都是改自该作者写的代码，这本书很适合新手阅读！

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define BUFFER_SIZE 10

 
int setnonblocking( int fd )
{
    int old_option = fcntl( fd, F_GETFL );
    int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl( fd, F_SETFL, new_option );
    return old_option;
}

void addfd( int epollfd, int fd, bool enable_et )
{
    epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN;
    if( enable_et )
    {
        event.events |= EPOLLET;
    }
    epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event );
    setnonblocking( fd );
}

std::vector<int> localVector;

void lt( epoll_event* events, int number, int epollfd, int listenfd )
{
    char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
    for ( int i = 0; i < number; i++ )
    {
        int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
        if ( sockfd == listenfd )
        {
            struct sockaddr_in client_address;
            socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
            int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
            cout<<"new connfd:"<<connfd<<endl;
            addfd( epollfd, connfd, false );
        }
        else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
        {

            printf( "event trigger once\n" );
            memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
            int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
            if( ret <= 0 )
            {
                localVector.emplace_back(sockfd);
                close( sockfd );
                continue;
            }
            printf( "get %d bytes of content: %s\n", ret, buf );
        }
        else
        {
            printf( "something else happened \n" );
        }
    }
}

void et( epoll_event* events, int number, int epollfd, int listenfd )
{
    char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
    for ( int i = 0; i < number; i++ )
    {
        int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
        if ( sockfd == listenfd )
        {
            struct sockaddr_in client_address;
            socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
            int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
            cout<<"new connfd:"<<connfd<<endl;
            addfd( epollfd, connfd, true );
        }
        else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
        {
            printf( "event trigger once\n" );
            while( 1 )
            {
                memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
                int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
                if( ret < 0 )
                {
                    if( ( errno == EAGAIN ) || ( errno == EWOULDBLOCK ) )
                    {
                        printf( "read later\n" );
                        break;
                    }
                    close( sockfd );
                    break;
                }
                else if( ret == 0 )
                {
                    close( sockfd );
                }
                else
                {
                    printf( "get %d bytes of content: %s\n", ret, buf );
                }
                int length = send(sockfd,msg.c_str(),msg.size(),0);
                cout<<"send length: "<<length<<" remain "<<msg.size() - length<<endl;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printf( "something else happened \n" );
        }
    }
}

int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    // if( argc <= 1 )
    // {
    //     printf( "usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename( argv[0] ) );
    //     return 1;
    // }
   // const char* ip = argv[1];
   // int port = atoi( argv[1] );
  //  const char* ip = "127.0.0.1"; 
    int port = 9997;
    const char* ip = "127.0.0.1";
    int ret = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    bzero( &address, sizeof( address ) );
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton( AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr );
    address.sin_port = htons( port );

    int listenfd = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );
    // 测试是否有time_wait
    struct linger li = { 1 , 0 };
    ::setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_LINGER,&li,sizeof(li));
    assert( listenfd >= 0 );

    ret = bind( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&address, sizeof( address ) );
    assert( ret != -1 );

    ret = listen( listenfd, 5 );
    assert( ret != -1 );

    epoll_event events[ MAX_EVENT_NUMBER ];
    int epollfd = epoll_create( 5 );
    assert( epollfd != -1 );
    addfd( epollfd, listenfd, true );
    cout<<"服务器启动成功"<<endl;
    while( 1 )
    {
        int ret = epoll_wait( epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER,-1);
        cout<<"ret"<<ret<<endl;
        if ( ret < 0 )
        {
            printf( "epoll failure\n" );
            break;
        }
   	if(ret == 0){
		//超时
		//cout<<"time out"<<endl;
	//	break;
	}	
        lt( events, ret, epollfd, listenfd );
        //et( events, ret, epollfd, listenfd );
    }

    close( listenfd );
    return 0;
}