TIME_WAIT是主动关闭的那一方产生的,CLOSE_WAIT是被动一方产生的
今天花了点时间搞了下CLOSE_WAIT的实验,记录于此,close_wait是怎么产生的呢?想一下TCP的四次挥手,客户端主动关闭连接发送一个FIN请求,服务器收到了这个FIN请求要回一个ACK,如果服务器没发送ACK,服务器(被动关闭的一方)这端将进入CLOSE_WAIT状态,而客户端进入(FIN_WAIT_2)这个状态。通过命令netstat -ant
来查看(a显示所有信息,t是tcp,n是有效连接和端口),9997是服务器监听的端口。
在epoll模型中,检测到可读为0的时候,也不去处理close,这样就会产生close_wait状态
也可以通过管道来查询close_wait
netstat -ant | grep CLOSE_WAIT
产生CLOSE_WAIT的原因也可能是因为close是对fd(文件描述符,这里指的是套接字)减1,要等fd的引用计数为0才关闭,可以引用计数很多次,如果想直接关闭,可以采用shutdown函数。目前我的了解是在多进程的情况下,文件描述符都增加,其他什么时候能增1我也不太清楚
TIME_WAIT
让我们来看一下TIME_WAIT,把刚才测试用例的close函数的注释去掉。客户端的套接字进入TIME_WAIT状态
struct linger li = { 1 , 0 };
::setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_LINGER,&li,sizeof(li));
解决TIME_WAIT可以给套接字设置个属性,linger第一个成员非0,第二个成员为0,TCP将丢弃保留套接字发送缓冲区中的任何数据,并且发送一个RST给对端
测试代码如下,主要的代码出自LINUX高性能服务器编程这本书,我觉得作者写的十分的好,我在linux大部分测试代码都是改自该作者写的代码,这本书很适合新手阅读!
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
int setnonblocking( int fd )
{
int old_option = fcntl( fd, F_GETFL );
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl( fd, F_SETFL, new_option );
return old_option;
}
void addfd( int epollfd, int fd, bool enable_et )
{
epoll_event event;
event.data.fd = fd;
event.events = EPOLLIN;
if( enable_et )
{
event.events |= EPOLLET;
}
epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event );
setnonblocking( fd );
}
std::vector<int> localVector;
void lt( epoll_event* events, int number, int epollfd, int listenfd )
{
char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
for ( int i = 0; i < number; i++ )
{
int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
if ( sockfd == listenfd )
{
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
cout<<"new connfd:"<<connfd<<endl;
addfd( epollfd, connfd, false );
}
else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
{
printf( "event trigger once\n" );
memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
if( ret <= 0 )
{
localVector.emplace_back(sockfd);
close( sockfd );
continue;
}
printf( "get %d bytes of content: %s\n", ret, buf );
}
else
{
printf( "something else happened \n" );
}
}
}
void et( epoll_event* events, int number, int epollfd, int listenfd )
{
char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
for ( int i = 0; i < number; i++ )
{
int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
if ( sockfd == listenfd )
{
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
cout<<"new connfd:"<<connfd<<endl;
addfd( epollfd, connfd, true );
}
else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
{
printf( "event trigger once\n" );
while( 1 )
{
memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
if( ret < 0 )
{
if( ( errno == EAGAIN ) || ( errno == EWOULDBLOCK ) )
{
printf( "read later\n" );
break;
}
close( sockfd );
break;
}
else if( ret == 0 )
{
close( sockfd );
}
else
{
printf( "get %d bytes of content: %s\n", ret, buf );
}
int length = send(sockfd,msg.c_str(),msg.size(),0);
cout<<"send length: "<<length<<" remain "<<msg.size() - length<<endl;
}
}
else
{
printf( "something else happened \n" );
}
}
}
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
// if( argc <= 1 )
// {
// printf( "usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename( argv[0] ) );
// return 1;
// }
// const char* ip = argv[1];
// int port = atoi( argv[1] );
// const char* ip = "127.0.0.1";
int port = 9997;
const char* ip = "127.0.0.1";
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero( &address, sizeof( address ) );
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton( AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr );
address.sin_port = htons( port );
int listenfd = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );
// 测试是否有time_wait
struct linger li = { 1 , 0 };
::setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_LINGER,&li,sizeof(li));
assert( listenfd >= 0 );
ret = bind( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&address, sizeof( address ) );
assert( ret != -1 );
ret = listen( listenfd, 5 );
assert( ret != -1 );
epoll_event events[ MAX_EVENT_NUMBER ];
int epollfd = epoll_create( 5 );
assert( epollfd != -1 );
addfd( epollfd, listenfd, true );
cout<<"服务器启动成功"<<endl;
while( 1 )
{
int ret = epoll_wait( epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER,-1);
cout<<"ret"<<ret<<endl;
if ( ret < 0 )
{
printf( "epoll failure\n" );
break;
}
if(ret == 0){
//超时
//cout<<"time out"<<endl;
// break;
}
lt( events, ret, epollfd, listenfd );
//et( events, ret, epollfd, listenfd );
}
close( listenfd );
return 0;
}