特性路由

1.创建一个.NET MVC程序，在RouteConfig.cs里面注释掉传统路由，启用特性路由

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace WebApplication9
{
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            //routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            //routes.MapRoute(
            //    name: "Default",
            //    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
            //    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            //);

            routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
        }
    }
}

2.此时如果在about操作上加上特性路由如下，则除了about视图通过http://localhost:59829/about可以访问意外，其他都无法访问

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebApplication9.Controllers
{

    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [Route("about")]
        public ActionResult About()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your contact page.";

            return View();
        }
    }
}

3 如果在index方法上添加特性路由 [Route("")], [Route("home")],[Route("home/index")]则Index视图通过http://localhost:59829，http://localhost:59829/home，http://localhost:59829/home/index都可以访问到

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebApplication9.Controllers
{

    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [Route("")]
        [Route("home")]
        [Route("home/index")]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [Route("about")]
        public ActionResult About()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your contact page.";

            return View();
        }
    }
}

4.如果在每个方法上都加路由比较麻烦，可以在HomeController增加特性路由[Route("Home/{action}")]，此路由就成为控制器的默认路由

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebApplication9.Controllers
{
    [Route("Home/{action}")]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult About()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your contact page.";

            return View();
        }
    }
}

3.此时发现只能通过http://localhost:59829/home/index才能访问到主页，使用http://localhost:59829/home/about才能访问到about

4.如果想还想通过http://localhost:59829，http://localhost:59829/home访问到index，需要在index方法上重写默认路由

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebApplication9.Controllers
{
    [Route("Home/{action}")]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [Route("")]
        [Route("home")]
        [Route("home/index")]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }


        public ActionResult About()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your contact page.";

            return View();
        }
    }
}

5.为了解决默认路由和方法上的路由都有Home重复问题，可以将默认路由改成 [RoutePrefix("Home")]， [Route("{action}")]这种写法，此时index的路由需要改为下面的写法，才能通过三种URL访问到，此时路由是由路由前缀和重写后的路由拼接组成

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebApplication9.Controllers
{
    [RoutePrefix("Home")]
    [Route("{action}")]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [Route("~/")]
        [Route("")]
        [Route("index")]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }


        public ActionResult About()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";

            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your contact page.";

            return View();
        }
    }
}

6.对于同样的操作可以添加路由约束来区分开

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebApplication9.Controllers
{
    [RoutePrefix("Person")]
    [Route("{action}")]
    public class PersonController : Controller
    {
        // GET: Person
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        [Route("{id:int}")]
        public  ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            return View();
        }

        [Route("{name}")]
        public ActionResult Details(string name)
        {
            return View();
        }
    }
}

7.通过使用默认值和可选参数可以简单高效的定义特性路由，例如 [Route("Person/{action=index}/{id?}")]，可以实现通过

http://localhost:59829/person访问到index视图，通过http://localhost:59829/person/about访问到about视图，通过http://localhost:59829/person/details/1访问到detail视图，通过http://localhost:59829/person/update/1访问到update视图

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebApplication9.Controllers
{
    [Route("Person/{action=index}/{id?}")]
    public class PersonController : Controller
    {
        // GET: Person
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        public  ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult Update(int id)
        {
            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult About()
        {
            return View();
        }

    }
}