for循环的写法主要有两种:
for 变量 in 值1 值2 值3 ...
do
程序
done
或者
for (( 初始值;循环条件;变量变化 ))
do
程序
done
说明:第一种写法主要用于循环次数不明确的情况;而第二种写法主要用于已知循环次数的情况。
示例1:打印时间
#!/bin/bash
#打印时间
for time in morning noon afternoon evening
do
echo "This time is $time!"
done
这个for循环会循环四次,每次循环都把对应的值赋给变量time。
示例2:批量解压缩
#!/bin/bash#批量解压缩
cd /tmp
ls *.tar.gz > ls.log
for i in $(cat ls.log)
do
tar -zxf $i &>/dev/null
done
rm -rf /tmp/ls.log
示例3:求1到100的和
#!/bin/bash
#求1到100的和
s=0
for (( i=1;i<=100;i=i+1 ))
do
s=$(( $s+$i ))
done
echo "The sum is $s"
示例4:批量添加新用户
#!/bin/bash
#批量添加新用户
#Author: root
read -p "Please input username: " -t 30 name
read -p "Please input the number of users: " -t 30 num
read -p "Please input the password of users: " -t 30 pass
if [ ! -z "$name" -a ! -z "$num" -a ! -z "$pass" ]
then
if [ "$num" == 0 ];then
echo "The number must greater than 0!"
exit 1
fi
y=$(echo "$num" | sed 's/^[0-9]*$//g')
#将数字替换为空,以便判断变量num是否是数值
if [ -z "$y" ]
then
for (( i=1;i<=$num;i=i+1 ))
do
useradd "$name$i" &>/dev/null
echo $pass | passwd --stdin "$name$i" &>/dev/null
done
else
echo "the number of users must be a integer!"
exit 2
fi
else
echo "Please input correct value!"
exit 3
fi
说明: exit后面跟数字,可以指定脚本执行后 $? 的值,后面的代码不会执行。