问题导读
1.LAG功能是什么? 2.LEAD与LAG功能有什么相似的地方那个? 3.FIRST_VALUE与LAST_VALUE分别完成什么功能?
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/00b6bcbc02b928b436cd7bd45240dc9c.gif)
接上篇Hive分析窗口函数(二、三) NTILE,ROW_NUMBER,RANK,DENSE_RANK
继续学习这四个分析函数。
Hive版本为 apache-hive-0.13.1
数据准备:
- cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url2
- cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url1
- cookie1,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url3
- cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url6
- cookie1,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url7
- cookie1,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url4
- cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url5
- cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url22
- cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url11
- cookie2,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url33
- cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url66
- cookie2,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url77
- cookie2,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url44
- cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url55
- CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
- cookieid string,
- createtime string, --页面访问时间
- url STRING --被访问页面
- ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
- FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
- stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
- hive> select * from lxw1234;
- OK
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55
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LAG
LAG(col,n,DEFAULT) 用于统计窗口内往上第n行值 第一个参数为列名,第二个参数为往上第n行(可选,默认为1),第三个参数为默认值(当往上第n行为NULL时候,取默认值,如不指定,则为NULL)
- SELECT cookieid,
- createtime,
- url,
- ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
- LAG(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last_1_time,
- LAG(createtime,2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last_2_time
- FROM lxw1234;
- cookieid createtime url rn last_1_time last_2_time
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1 1 1970-01-01 00:00:00 NULL
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2 2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 NULL
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3 3 2015-04-10 10:00:02 2015-04-10 10:00:00
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4 4 2015-04-10 10:03:04 2015-04-10 10:00:02
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5 5 2015-04-10 10:10:00 2015-04-10 10:03:04
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6 6 2015-04-10 10:50:01 2015-04-10 10:10:00
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7 7 2015-04-10 10:50:05 2015-04-10 10:50:01
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11 1 1970-01-01 00:00:00 NULL
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22 2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 NULL
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33 3 2015-04-10 10:00:02 2015-04-10 10:00:00
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44 4 2015-04-10 10:03:04 2015-04-10 10:00:02
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55 5 2015-04-10 10:10:00 2015-04-10 10:03:04
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66 6 2015-04-10 10:50:01 2015-04-10 10:10:00
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77 7 2015-04-10 10:50:05 2015-04-10 10:50:01
- last_1_time: 指定了往上第1行的值,default为'1970-01-01 00:00:00'
- cookie1第一行,往上1行为NULL,因此取默认值 1970-01-01 00:00:00
- cookie1第三行,往上1行值为第二行值,2015-04-10 10:00:02
- cookie1第六行,往上1行值为第五行值,2015-04-10 10:50:01
- last_2_time: 指定了往上第2行的值,为指定默认值
- cookie1第一行,往上2行为NULL
- cookie1第二行,往上2行为NULL
- cookie1第四行,往上2行为第二行值,2015-04-10 10:00:02
- cookie1第七行,往上2行为第五行值,2015-04-10 10:50:01
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LEAD
与LAG相反 LEAD(col,n,DEFAULT) 用于统计窗口内往下第n行值 第一个参数为列名,第二个参数为往下第n行(可选,默认为1),第三个参数为默认值(当往下第n行为NULL时候,取默认值,如不指定,则为NULL)
- SELECT cookieid,
- createtime,
- url,
- ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
- LEAD(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS next_1_time,
- LEAD(createtime,2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS next_2_time
- FROM lxw1234;
- cookieid createtime url rn next_1_time next_2_time
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1 1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 2015-04-10 10:03:04
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2 2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 2015-04-10 10:10:00
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3 3 2015-04-10 10:10:00 2015-04-10 10:50:01
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4 4 2015-04-10 10:50:01 2015-04-10 10:50:05
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5 5 2015-04-10 10:50:05 2015-04-10 11:00:00
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6 6 2015-04-10 11:00:00 NULL
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7 7 1970-01-01 00:00:00 NULL
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11 1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 2015-04-10 10:03:04
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22 2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 2015-04-10 10:10:00
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33 3 2015-04-10 10:10:00 2015-04-10 10:50:01
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44 4 2015-04-10 10:50:01 2015-04-10 10:50:05
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55 5 2015-04-10 10:50:05 2015-04-10 11:00:00
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66 6 2015-04-10 11:00:00 NULL
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77 7 1970-01-01 00:00:00 NULL
- --逻辑与LAG一样,只不过LAG是往上,LEAD是往下。
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FIRST_VALUE
取分组内排序后,截止到当前行,第一个值
- SELECT cookieid,
- createtime,
- url,
- ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
- FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS first1
- FROM lxw1234;
- cookieid createtime url rn first1
- ---------------------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1 1 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2 2 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3 3 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4 4 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5 5 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6 6 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7 7 url1
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11 1 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22 2 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33 3 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44 4 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55 5 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66 6 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77 7 url11
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LAST_VALUE
取分组内排序后,截止到当前行,最后一个值
- SELECT cookieid,
- createtime,
- url,
- ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
- LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last1
- FROM lxw1234;
- cookieid createtime url rn last1
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1 1 url1
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2 2 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3 3 1url3
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4 4 url4
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5 5 url5
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6 6 url6
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7 7 url7
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11 1 url11
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22 2 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33 3 1url33
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44 4 url44
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55 5 url55
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66 6 url66
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77 7 url77
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如果不指定ORDER BY,则默认按照记录在文件中的偏移量进行排序,会出现错误的结果
- SELECT cookieid,
- createtime,
- url,
- FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS first2
- FROM lxw1234;
- cookieid createtime url first2
- ----------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4 url2
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5 url2
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44 url22
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55 url22
- SELECT cookieid,
- createtime,
- url,
- LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS last2
- FROM lxw1234;
- cookieid createtime url last2
- ----------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2 url5
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1 url5
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3 url5
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6 url5
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7 url5
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4 url5
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5 url5
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22 url55
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11 url55
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33 url55
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66 url55
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77 url55
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44 url55
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55 url55
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如果想要取分组内排序后最后一个值,则需要变通一下:
- SELECT cookieid,
- createtime,
- url,
- ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
- LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last1,
- FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime DESC) AS last2
- FROM lxw1234
- ORDER BY cookieid,createtime;
- cookieid createtime url rn last1 last2
- -------------------------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url1 1 url1 url7
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url2 2 url2 url7
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url3 3 1url3 url7
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url4 4 url4 url7
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url5 5 url5 url7
- cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url6 6 url6 url7
- cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url7 7 url7 url7
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00 url11 1 url11 url77
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02 url22 2 url22 url77
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04 1url33 3 1url33 url77
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00 url44 4 url44 url77
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01 url55 5 url55 url77
- cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05 url66 6 url66 url77
- cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00 url77 7 url77 url77
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提示:在使用分析函数的过程中,要特别注意ORDER BY子句,用的不恰当,统计出的结果就不是你所期望的 本文转自:http://www.aboutyun.com/thread-12848-1-1.html |