组合总和（combination-sum）

题目

Given a set of candidate numbers (candidates) (without duplicates) and a target number (target), find all unique combinations in candidates where the candidate numbers sums to target.

The same repeated number may be chosen from candidates unlimited number of times.

Note:
All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

Example 1:

Input: candidates = [2,3,6,7], target = 7,
A solution set is:
[
  [7],
  [2,2,3]
]

Example 2:

Input: candidates = [2,3,5], target = 8,
A solution set is:
[
  [2,2,2,2],
  [2,3,3],
  [3,5]
]

代码

package combination_sum;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Stack;

public class Solution {

    private List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
    private int[] candidates;
    private int len;

    /**递归 深度优先dfs 回溯*/
    private void findCombinationSum(int residue, int start, Stack<Integer> pre) {
        if (residue == 0) {
            // Java 中可变对象是引用传递，因此需要将当前 path 里的值拷贝出来
            res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(pre));
            return;
        }
        // 优化添加的代码2：在循环的时候做判断，尽量避免系统栈的深度
        // residue - candidates[i] 表示下一轮的剩余，如果下一轮的剩余都小于 0 ，就没有必要进行后面的循环了
        // 这一点基于原始数组是排序数组的前提，因为如果计算后面的剩余，只会越来越小
        for (int i = start; i < len && residue - candidates[i] >= 0; i++) {
            pre.add(candidates[i]);
            // 【关键】因为元素可以重复使用，这里递归传递下去的是 i 而不是 i + 1
            findCombinationSum(residue - candidates[i], i, pre);
            pre.pop();
        }
    }

    /**组合总和  (combination-sum) */
    public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum(int[] candidates, int target) {
        int len = candidates.length;
        if (len == 0) {
            return res;
        }
        // 优化添加的代码1：先对数组排序，可以提前终止判断
        Arrays.sort(candidates);
        this.len = len;
        this.candidates = candidates;
        findCombinationSum(target, 0, new Stack<Integer>());
        return res;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] candidates = {2, 3, 6, 7};
        int target = 7;
        Solution solution = new Solution();
        List<List<Integer>> combinationSum = solution.combinationSum(candidates, target);
        System.out.println(combinationSum);
    }
}