c语言——结构体基础概念

c语言——结构体基础概念

对结构体变量可以在定义时指定初始值

struct Person
{
	char name[64];
	int age;
}person = { "John", 100 };

void test01()
{
	//strcpy(person.name, "Lily");
	//person.age = 100;

	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", person.name, person.age);

	struct Person p;
}

运行

Name:John Age:100

在栈上、在堆上分配结构体变量空间

//单个结构体变量
void test02()
{
	//在栈上分配结构体变量空间
	//struct Person person = { "Hanmeimei", 30 };
	//printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n",person.name,person.age);

	//在堆上分配结构体变量空间
	struct Person* person = malloc(sizeof(struct Person));
	strcpy(person->name, "Lilei");
	person->age = 30;

	printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", person->name, person->age);

}

运行

Name:Lilei Age:30

多个结构体变量

//多个结构体变量
void test03()
{
	//在栈上分配结构体数组空间
	struct Person persons[] = {
		{ "aaa", 20 },
		{ "bbb", 30 },
		{ "ccc", 40 },
		{ "ddd", 50 },
		{ "eee", 60 },
		{ "fff", 70 },
	};

	int len = sizeof(persons) / sizeof(struct Person);

	printPersons(persons, len);


	//在堆上分配结构体数组空间
	struct Person* ps = malloc(sizeof(struct Person) * 6);
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
	{
		sprintf(ps[i].name, "Name_%d", i + 1);
		ps[i].age = 100 + i;
	}

	printPersons(ps, 6);

}

打印函数

void printPersons(struct Person* persons, int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
	{
		printf("Name:%s Age:%d\n", persons[i].name, persons[i].age);
	}
}

运行

Name:aaa Age:20
Name:bbb Age:30
Name:ccc Age:40
Name:ddd Age:50
Name:eee Age:60
Name:fff Age:70
Name:Name_1 Age:100
Name:Name_2 Age:101
Name:Name_3 Age:102
Name:Name_4 Age:103
Name:Name_5 Age:104
Name:Name_6 Age:105