文章目录
synchronized和lock有什么区别?用新的lock有什么好处?你举例说说
1.原始构成
synchronized是关键字属于JVM层面,
- monitorenter(底层是通过monitor对象来完成,其实wait/notify等方法也依赖于monitorenter对象只有在同步块或方法中才能调wait/notify)
- monitorexit
Lock是具体类(java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock)是 api 层面的锁
2.使用方法
synchronized不需要用户去手动释放锁,当synchronized代码执行完后系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用
ReetrantLock则需要则需要用户去手动释放锁若没有主动释放锁,就有可能导致死锁现象
需要lock()和unlock()方法配合try/finally语句块来完成。
3.等待是否可中断
synchronized不可中断,除非抛出异常或者正常运行完成
ReetrantLock可中断,
1.设置超时方法tryLock(long timeout,TimeUnit unit)
2.lockInterruptibly()放代码块中,调用interrupt()方法可中断
4.加锁是否公平
synchronized 非公平锁
ReentrantLock两者都可以,默认非公平锁,构造方法可以传入boolean值,true为公平锁,false为非公平锁
5.锁绑定多个条件Condition
synchronized没有
ReentrantLock用来实现分组唤醒的线程们,可以精确唤醒,而不像synchronized要么唤醒一个线程要么唤醒全部线程。
代码举例
synchronized
题目
用线程实现,小南要先抽烟才可以干活,小女要先吃外卖才可以干活。
代码
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j(topic = "c.TestCorrectPosture")
public class TestCorrectPostureStep5 {
static final Object room = new Object();
static boolean hasCigarette = false;
static boolean hasTakeout = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (room) {
log.debug("有烟没?[{}]", hasCigarette);
while (!hasCigarette) {
log.debug("没烟,先歇会!");
try {
room.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
log.debug("有烟没?[{}]", hasCigarette);
if (hasCigarette) {
log.debug("可以开始干活了");
} else {
log.debug("没干成活...");
}
}
}, "小南").start();
new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (room) {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
log.debug("外卖送到没?[{}]", hasTakeout);
while (!hasTakeout) {
log.debug("没外卖,先歇会!");
try {
room.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
log.debug("外卖送到没?[{}]", hasTakeout);
if (hasTakeout) {
log.debug("可以开始干活了");
} else {
log.debug("没干成活...");
}
}
}, "小女").start();
sleep(1);
new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (room) {
hasTakeout = true;
log.debug("外卖到了噢!");
room.notifyAll();
}
}, "送外卖的").start();
}
public static void sleep(int i) {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(i);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
ReentrantLock代码
题目,
多线程之间顺序调用,实现A->B->C三个线程启动,要求如下:
AA打印5次,BB打印机10次,CC打印机15次
紧接着
AA打印5次,BB打印机10次,CC打印机15次
......
来10轮
代码
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class SyncAndReenLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
shareResource.print5();
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
shareResource.print10();
}
}, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
shareResource.print15();
}
}, "C").start();
}
}
class ShareResource {
private int number = 1;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c3 = lock.newCondition();
public void print5() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1. 判断
while (number != 1) {
c1.await();
}
//2. 干活
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + (i + 1));
}
//3. 通知
number = 2;
c2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print10() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1. 判断
while (number != 2) {
c2.await();
}
//2. 干活
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + (i + 1));
}
//3. 通知
number = 3;
c3.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print15() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1. 判断
while (number != 3) {
c3.await();
}
//2. 干活
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + (i + 1));
}
//3. 通知
number = 1;
c1.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
其他
Synchronized的原理。
ReentrantLock的原理。
ReentrantLock为什么是可重入的。
公平锁和非公平锁是什么?有什么区别。