tomcat gzip 网页压缩技术

 gzip是http协议中使用的一种加密算法,客户端向web服务器端发出了请求后，通常情况下服务器端会将页面文件和其他资源，返回到客户端，客户端加载后渲染呈现，这种情况文件一般都比较大，如果开启Gzip ，那么服务器端响应后，会将页面，JS,CSS等文本文件或者其他文件通过高压缩算法将其压缩，然后传输到客户端，由客户端的浏览器负责解压缩与呈现。通常能节省40%以上的流量（一般都有60%左右），一些PHP，JSP文件也能够进行压缩。
1.Tomcat 直接开启Gzip
打开Tomcat 目录下的conf下的server.xml，并找到如下信息:

Xml代码

1. <!-- Note : To use gzip compression you could set the following properties :
2. compression="on"
3. compressionMinSize="2048"
4. noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata"
5. compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml"
6. -->

<!-- Note : To use gzip compression you could set the following properties : compression="on" compressionMinSize="2048" noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata" compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml" -->

把它们加入到你配置的<Connector port="80" .../>中去。如果要压缩css 和 js，加入compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/css,text/javascript"。还要压缩图片,加入compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/css,text/javascript,image/gif,image/jpg"。
开启后重启Tomcat ，通过浏览器查看headers信息就能看到是否开启。

2.使用filter,在代码级别完成web应用的gzip压缩的开启。

(1).CachedResponseWrapper类
实现定制输出的关键是对HttpServletResponse 进行包装，截获所有的输出，等到过滤器链处理完毕后，再对截获的输出进行处理，并写入到真正的HttpServletResponse 对象中。JavaEE 框架已经定义了一个HttpServletResponseWrapp er 类使得包装HttpServletResponse 更加容易。我们扩展这个HttpServletResponseWrapp er，截获所有的输出，并保存到ByteArrayOutputStream 中。
定制的包装响应能方便地从帮助类 HttpServletResponseWrapp er 中导出。这一类粗略地执行许多方法，允许我们简单地覆盖 getOutputStream() 方法以及 getWriter() 方法，提供了定制输出流的实例。
HttpServletResponseWrapp er这个类的使用包括以下五个步骤：
1）建立一个响应包装器。扩展javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapp er。
2）提供一个缓存输出的PrintWriter。重载getWriter方法，返回一个保存发送给它的所有东西的PrintWriter，并把结果存进一个可以稍后访问的字段中。
3）传递该包装器给doFilter。此调用是合法的，因为HttpServletResponseWrapp er实现HttpServletResponse。
4）提取和修改输出。在调用FilterChain的doFilter方法后，原资源的输出只要利用步骤2中提供的机制就可以得到。只要对你的应用适合，就可以修改或替换它。
5）发送修改过的输出到客户机。因为原资源不再发送输出到客户机（这些输出已经存放到你的响应包装器中了），所以必须发送这些输出。这样，你的过滤器需要从原响应对象中获得PrintWriter或OutputStream，并传递修改过的输出到该流中。

Java代码

2. class CachedResponseWrapper extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {
4. public static final int OUTPUT_NONE = 0;
6. public static final int OUTPUT_WRITER = 1;
8. public static final int OUTPUT_STREAM = 2;
9. private int outputType = OUTPUT_NONE;
10. private int status = SC_OK;
11. private ServletOutputStream output = null;
12. private PrintWriter writer = null;
13. private ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = null;
14. public CachedResponseWrapper(HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
15. super(resp);
16. buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
17. }
18. public int getStatus() {
19. return status;
20. }
21. public void setStatus(int status) {
22. super.setStatus(status);
23. this.status = status;
24. }
25. public void setStatus(int status, String string) {
26. super.setStatus(status, string);
27. this.status = status;
28. }
29. public void sendError(int status, String string) throws IOException {
30. super.sendError(status, string);
31. this.status = status;
32. }
33. public void sendError(int status) throws IOException {
34. super.sendError(status);
35. this.status = status;
36. }
37. public void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException {
38. super.sendRedirect(location);
39. this.status = SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY;
40. }
41. public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
42. if (outputType == OUTPUT_STREAM)
43. throw new IllegalStateException();
44. else if (outputType == OUTPUT_WRITER)
45. return writer;
46. else {
47. outputType = OUTPUT_WRITER;
48. writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(buffer,
49. getCharacterEncoding()));
50. return writer;
51. }
52. }
53. public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
54. if (outputType == OUTPUT_WRITER)
55. throw new IllegalStateException();
56. else if (outputType == OUTPUT_STREAM)
57. return output;
58. else {
59. outputType = OUTPUT_STREAM;
60. output = new WrappedOutputStream(buffer);
61. return output;
62. }
63. }
64. public void flushBuffer() throws IOException {
65. if (outputType == OUTPUT_WRITER)
66. writer.flush();
67. if (outputType == OUTPUT_STREAM)
68. output.flush();
69. }
70. public void reset() {
71. outputType = OUTPUT_NONE;
72. buffer.reset();
73. }
75. public byte[] getResponseData() throws IOException {
76. flushBuffer();
77. return buffer.toByteArray();
78. }
80. class WrappedOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream {
81. private ByteArrayOutputStream buffer;
82. public WrappedOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream buffer) {
83. this.buffer = buffer;
84. }
85. public void write(int b) throws IOException {
86. buffer.write(b);
87. }
88. public byte[] toByteArray() {
89. return buffer.toByteArray();
90. }
91. }
92. }

 class CachedResponseWrapper extends HttpServletResponseWrapper { public static final int OUTPUT_NONE = 0; public static final int OUTPUT_WRITER = 1; public static final int OUTPUT_STREAM = 2; private int outputType = OUTPUT_NONE; private int status = SC_OK; private ServletOutputStream output = null; private PrintWriter writer = null; private ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = null; public CachedResponseWrapper(HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException { super(resp); buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); } public int getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(int status) { super.setStatus(status); this.status = status; } public void setStatus(int status, String string) { super.setStatus(status, string); this.status = status; } public void sendError(int status, String string) throws IOException { super.sendError(status, string); this.status = status; } public void sendError(int status) throws IOException { super.sendError(status); this.status = status; } public void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException { super.sendRedirect(location); this.status = SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY; } public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException { if (outputType == OUTPUT_STREAM) throw new IllegalStateException(); else if (outputType == OUTPUT_WRITER) return writer; else { outputType = OUTPUT_WRITER; writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(buffer, getCharacterEncoding())); return writer; } } public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException { if (outputType == OUTPUT_WRITER) throw new IllegalStateException(); else if (outputType == OUTPUT_STREAM) return output; else { outputType = OUTPUT_STREAM; output = new WrappedOutputStream(buffer); return output; } } public void flushBuffer() throws IOException { if (outputType == OUTPUT_WRITER) writer.flush(); if (outputType == OUTPUT_STREAM) output.flush(); } public void reset() { outputType = OUTPUT_NONE; buffer.reset(); } public byte[] getResponseData() throws IOException { flushBuffer(); return buffer.toByteArray(); } class WrappedOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream { private ByteArrayOutputStream buffer; public WrappedOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream buffer) { this.buffer = buffer; } public void write(int b) throws IOException { buffer.write(b); } public byte[] toByteArray() { return buffer.toByteArray(); } } }

(2).GZipFilter类

Java代码

1. public class GZipFilter implements Filter {
2. public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
3. }
4. public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
5. FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
6. HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
7. CachedResponseWrapper wrapper = new CachedResponseWrapper(httpResponse);
8. // 写入wrapper:
9. chain.doFilter(request, wrapper);
10. // 对响应进行处理，这里是进行GZip压缩:
11. byte[] data = GZipUtil.gzip(wrapper.getResponseData());
12. httpResponse.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
13. httpResponse.setContentLength(data.length);
14. ServletOutputStream output = response.getOutputStream();
15. output.write(data);
16. output.flush();
17. }
18. public void destroy() {
19. }
20. }

public class GZipFilter implements Filter { public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException { } public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response; CachedResponseWrapper wrapper = new CachedResponseWrapper(httpResponse); // 写入wrapper: chain.doFilter(request, wrapper); // 对响应进行处理，这里是进行GZip压缩: byte[] data = GZipUtil.gzip(wrapper.getResponseData()); httpResponse.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); httpResponse.setContentLength(data.length); ServletOutputStream output = response.getOutputStream(); output.write(data); output.flush(); } public void destroy() { } }

(3).GZipUtil类

Java代码

1. public final class GZipUtil {
3. public static byte[] gzip(byte[] data) {
4. ByteArrayOutputStream byteOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream(10240);
5. GZIPOutputStream output = null;
6. try {
7. output = new GZIPOutputStream(byteOutput);
8. output.write(data);
9. } catch (IOException e) {
10. throw new RuntimeException("G-Zip failed.", e);
11. } finally {
12. if (output != null) {
13. try {
14. output.close();
15. } catch (IOException e) {
16. }
17. }
18. }
19. return byteOutput.toByteArray();
20. }
21. }

public final class GZipUtil { public static byte[] gzip(byte[] data) { ByteArrayOutputStream byteOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream(10240); GZIPOutputStream output = null; try { output = new GZIPOutputStream(byteOutput); output.write(data); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("G-Zip failed.", e); } finally { if (output != null) { try { output.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } } return byteOutput.toByteArray(); } }

(4).在web.xml中配置 GZipFilter

Xml代码

1. <filter>
2. <filter-name>GZipFilter</filter-name>
3. <filter-class>com.logcd.filter.GZipFilter</filter-class>
4. </filter>
5. <filter-mapping>
6. <filter-name>GZipFilter</filter-name>
7. <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
8. </filter-mapping>