base64编码函数

      闲来无事，写个base64编码函数玩玩。

      资料来源：http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64

      这东西简单，好像也没必要去阅读RFC，维基上后面提到在URL中应用的修改情况，变化不大，不足为虑。直接上代码及例子：

int getbase64len(const char* src)
{
    int len = strlen(src);
    return (len+2)/3*4;
}
const char* encode = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

//  换的时候，将三个byte的数据，先后放入一个24bit的缓冲区中，先来的byte占高位。
//  数据不足3byte的话，于缓冲器中剩下的bit用0补足。然后，每次取出6（因为26=64）个bit，
//  按照其值选择ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/中的字符作为编码后的输出。
//  不断进行，直到全部输入数据转换完成。
int encode_base64(const char* src, char* dest)
{
    const char* psrc = src;
    char* pdest = dest;
    char buff[3];
    while (*psrc)
    {
        buff[0] = *psrc++;
        buff[1] = *psrc++;
        buff[2] = *psrc++;

        if (!buff[1])
        {
            buff[1] = buff[2] = 0;
            *pdest++ = encode[(buff[0]&0xfc)>>2];//取前0-5位
            *pdest++ = encode[((buff[0]&0x03)<<4)];
            *pdest++ = '=';
            *pdest++ = '=';
            break;
        }
        else if (!buff[2])
        {
            buff[2] = 0;
            *pdest++ = encode[(buff[0]&0xfc)>>2];//取前0-5位
            *pdest++ = encode[((buff[0]&0x03)<<4)/*取6-7位*/ | ((buff[1]&0xf0)>>4)/*取8-11位*/];
            *pdest++ = encode[(buff[1]&0x0f)<<2/*取12-15位*/];
            *pdest++ = '=';
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            // 处理buff，输出到dest中
            *pdest++ = encode[(buff[0]&0xfc)>>2];//取前0-5位
            *pdest++ = encode[((buff[0]&0x03)<<4)/*取6-7位*/ | ((buff[1]&0xf0)>>4)/*取8-11位*/];
            *pdest++ = encode[(buff[1]&0x0f)<<2/*取12-15位*/ | (buff[2]&0xc0)>>6/*取16-17位*/];
            *pdest++ = encode[buff[2]&0x3f];//取后6位
        }
    }
    *pdest = 0;
    return pdest - dest;
}

      应用的例子，内容使用了维基上的测试例子，通过。

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    char* src = "Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, "
                "but by this singular passion from other animals, "
                "which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance "
                "of delight in the continued and indefatigable generation "
                "of knowledge, exceeds the short vehemence of any carnal "
                "pleasure.";
    char* target = "TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoZWQsIG5vdCBvbmx5IGJ5IGhpcyByZWFzb24sIGJ1dCBieSB0aGlz"
        "IHNpbmd1bGFyIHBhc3Npb24gZnJvbSBvdGhlciBhbmltYWxzLCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIGx1c3Qgb2Yg"
        "dGhlIG1pbmQsIHRoYXQgYnkgYSBwZXJzZXZlcmFuY2Ugb2YgZGVsaWdodCBpbiB0aGUgY29udGlu"
        "dWVkIGFuZCBpbmRlZmF0aWdhYmxlIGdlbmVyYXRpb24gb2Yga25vd2xlZGdlLCBleGNlZWRzIHRo"
        "ZSBzaG9ydCB2ZWhlbWVuY2Ugb2YgYW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4=";

    int destlen = getbase64len(src);
    char* dest = new char[destlen+1];
    int len = encode_base64(src,dest);
    if (0 == strcmp(dest,target))
    {
        printf("the base64 encode is successed!");
    }
    getchar();
    return 0;
}