本来是没有打算把软件写成服务形式的。起因是因为,我原来写的一个TCP通讯程序的客户端,客户在使用时,因为经常断电,所以服务器有时候会重启,因为原来的程序不是服务形式的,在没有登陆windows界面的情况下,不能够自动运行。因此,才决定把现有的程序改为服务形式。
一、服务程序的创建
delphi编写服务程序非常简单,点击菜单 File->New->Other->New属性页->Service Application,系统自动会创建基本的代码。这里需要说明的是,在“New属性页”中还有一个Service,这个Service和Service Application还是有区别的,应该说Service Application的范围大,它可以包含几个Service。
一个Service Application可以创建几个Service,service继承自TService,界面表现和TDataModel类似,做过数据库的朋友肯定都不陌生,区别是TDataModel是用来放数据库连接及操作组件的容器,而TService则是可以存放很多没有界面的组件,如indy的IDtcpclient等。
二、重要属性及事件说明
属性:DisplayName 显示名称
Name 名称,当你用命令提示符来启动、停止服务时,就需要用到
Interactive 与界面交互的选项
事件:OnCreate:类似于Tform的OnCreate
OnDestroy:类似于Tform的OnDestroy
OnExecute:非常重要,一般写成下面
while not Terminated do
begin
Sleep(10);
ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(False);
end;
OnPause:服务暂停
OnShutdown:不太清楚
OnStart:服务启动,重要
OnStop:服务停止,重要
三、服务的依赖关系
因为我的服务是要连接数据库的,所以必须要等sql server的服务起来之后,我才能起来,这样才能连接数据库,因此这里面有个依赖关系的问题。可以在属性Dependencies中增加一项,选择MSSQLSERVER。
四、服务与界面的通讯
服务也是可以创建form的,只是只是这个窗口,在服务启动时显示,服务停止后就关闭了。而我想做一个就象sql server 2000的服务管理器哪样的界面,不论服务启动是否,都可以显示,而且也可以在界面上直接控制服务。所以我就又建了一个应用,而这个应用和原来服务的通讯用自定义消息来传递。比如,有人通过控制面板停止服务了,服务必须通知界面上的状态。
Delphi获取Windows系统服务的状态 function ServiceGetStatus(sMachine, sService: string ): DWord; var schm, schs: SC_Handle; ss: TServiceStatus; dwStat : DWord; begin dwStat := 0; schm := OpenSCManager(PChar(sMachine), Nil, SC_MANAGER_CONNECT); if (schm > 0) then begin schs := OpenService(schm, PChar(sService), SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS); if(schs > 0) then begin if(QueryServiceStatus(schs, ss))then dwStat := ss.dwCurrentState; CloseServiceHandle(schs); end; CloseServiceHandle(schm); end; Result := dwStat; end; {判断某服务是否安装,未安装返回true,已安装返回false} function ServiceUninstalled(sMachine, sService : string ) : boolean; begin Result := 0 = ServiceGetStatus(sMachine, sService); end; {判断某服务是否启动,启动返回true,未启动返回false} function ServiceRunning(sMachine, sService : string ) : boolean; begin Result := SERVICE_RUNNING = ServiceGetStatus(sMachine, sService ); end; {判断某服务是否停止,停止返回true,未停止返回false} function ServiceStopped(sMachine, sService : string ) : boolean; begin Result := SERVICE_STOPPED = ServiceGetStatus(sMachine, sService ); end;
Delphi 如何停止、启动windows系统服务 //下面是 写了一个启动服务的函数 StartService,用来启动服务。。。 function StartService(AServName: string): Boolean; //use WinSvc var SCManager, hService: SC_HANDLE; lpServiceArgVectors: PChar; begin SCManager := OpenSCManager(nil, nil, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); Result := SCManager <> 0; if Result then try hService := OpenService(SCManager, PChar(AServName), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS); Result := hService <> 0; if (hService = 0) and (GetLastError = ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST) then Exception.Create('The specified service does not exist'); if hService <> 0 then try lpServiceArgVectors := nil; Result := WinSvc.StartService(hService, 0, PChar(lpServiceArgVectors)); if not Result and (GetLastError = ERROR_SERVICE_ALREADY_RUNNING) then Result := True; finally CloseServiceHandle(hService); end; finally CloseServiceHandle(SCManager); end; end; function StartService(AServName: string): Boolean; //use WinSvc<br/>var<br/>SCManager, hService: SC_HANDLE;<br/>lpServiceArgVectors: PChar;<br/>begin<br/>SCManager := OpenSCManager(nil, nil, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);<br/>Result := SCManager <> 0;<br/>if Result then<br/>try<br/>hService := OpenService(SCManager, PChar(AServName), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);<br/>Result := hService <> 0;<br/>if (hService = 0) and (GetLastError = ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST) then<br/>Exception.Create('The specified service does not exist');<br/>if hService <> 0 then<br/>try<br/>lpServiceArgVectors := nil;<br/>Result := WinSvc.StartService(hService, 0, PChar(lpServiceArgVectors));<br/>if not Result and (GetLastError = ERROR_SERVICE_ALREADY_RUNNING) then<br/>Result := True;<br/>finally<br/>CloseServiceHandle(hService);<br/>end;<br/>finally<br/>CloseServiceHandle(SCManager);<br/>end;<br/>end;<br/> 下面是停止服务的代码 StopService function StopService(AServName: string): Boolean; var SCManager, hService: SC_HANDLE; SvcStatus: TServiceStatus; begin SCManager := OpenSCManager(nil, nil, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); Result := SCManager <> 0; if Result then try hService := OpenService(SCManager, PChar(AServName), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS); Result := hService <> 0; if Result then try //停止并卸载服务; Result := ControlService(hService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, SvcStatus); //删除服务,这一句可以不要; // DeleteService(hService); finally CloseServiceHandle(hService); end; finally CloseServiceHandle(SCManager); end; end; 使用delphi新建服务,停止系统服务 2009-12-09 15:46本文主要讲解了如何使用delphi新建服务,停止系统服务,以及获取服务状态和新建系统服务器的方法,以下是关键代码: </B> unit Servicescontrol;
interface uses Windows,Messages,SysUtils,Winsvc,Dialogs;
function StartServices(Const SvrName:String):Boolean; function StopServices(Const SvrName:String):Boolean; function QueryServiceStatu(Const SvrName: String):String; function CreateServices(Const SvrName,FilePath:String):Boolean; function DeleteServices(Const SvrName: String):Boolean;
implementation
//开启服务 function StartServices(Const SvrName: String): Boolean; var a,b:SC_HANDLE; c:PChar; begin Result:=False;
a:=OpenSCManager(nil,nil,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if a <=0 then Exit;
b:=OpenService(a,PChar(SvrName),SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if b <=0 then Exit; try Result:=StartService(b,0,c); CloseServiceHandle(b); CloseServiceHandle(a); except CloseServiceHandle(b); CloseServiceHandle(a); Exit; end; end;
//停止服务 function StopServices(Const SvrName: String): Boolean; var a,b: SC_HANDLE; d: TServiceStatus; begin Result := False;
a :=OpenSCManager(nil,nil,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if a <=0 then Exit;
b:=OpenService(a,PChar(SvrName),SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if b <=0 then Exit; try Result:=ControlService(b,SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP,d); CloseServiceHandle(a); CloseServiceHandle(b); except CloseServiceHandle(a); CloseServiceHandle(b); Exit; end; end;
//查询当前服务的状态 function QueryServiceStatu(Const SvrName: String): String; var a,b: SC_HANDLE; d: TServiceStatus; begin Result := '未安装';
a := OpenSCManager(nil,nil,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if a <=0 then Exit;
b := OpenService(a,PChar(SvrName),SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if b <= 0 then Exit; try QueryServiceStatus(b,d); if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING then Result := '启动' //Run else if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING then Result := 'Wait' //Runing else if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING then Result := 'Wait' //Pause else if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING then Result := '停止' //Pause else if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSED then Result := '暂停' //Pause else if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED then Result := '停止' //Stop else if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING then Result := 'Wait' //Pause else if d.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING then Result := 'Wait'; //Pause
CloseServiceHandle(a); CloseServiceHandle(b); except CloseServiceHandle(a); CloseServiceHandle(b); Exit; end; end;
{建立服务} function CreateServices(Const SvrName,FilePath: String): Boolean; var a,b:SC_HANDLE; begin Result:=False; if FilePath ='' then Exit;
a := OpenSCManager(nil,nil,SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE);
if a <= 0 then Exit; try b := CreateService(a,PChar(SvrName), PChar(SvrName), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS or SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, SERVICE_AUTO_START,SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, PChar(FilePath),nil,nil,nil,nil,nil); if b <= 0 then begin ShowMessage( SysErrorMessage( GetlastError )); Exit; end; CloseServiceHandle(a); CloseServiceHandle(b);
Result := True; except CloseServiceHandle(a); CloseServiceHandle(b); Exit; end; end;
{卸载服务} function DeleteServices(Const SvrName: String): Boolean; var a,b:SC_HANDLE; begin Result:=False; a := OpenSCManager(nil,nil,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); if a <= 0 then Exit; b :=OpenService(a,PChar(SvrName),STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED); if b <= 0 then Exit; try Result := DeleteService(b);
if not Result then ShowMessage(SysErrorMessage(GetlastError)); CloseServiceHandle(b); CloseServiceHandle(a); except CloseServiceHandle(b); CloseServiceHandle(a); Exit; end; end; end. 调用方法: {启动服务} StartServices(服务名); {停止服务} StopServices(服务名); {新建服务} CreateServices(服务名,exe文件路径); {删除服务} DeleteServices(服务名); {获取服务状态} string:=QueryServiceStatu(服务名); 用Delphi创建windows服务程序 2009-12-09 16:15Windows 2000/XP和2003等支持一种叫做"服务程序"的东西.程序作为服务启动有以下几个好处: (1)不用登陆进系统即可运行. (2)具有SYSTEM特权.所以你在进程管理器里面是无法结束它的. 笔者在2003年为一公司开发机顶盒项目的时候,曾经写过课件上传和媒体服务,下面就介绍一下如何用Delphi7创建一个Service程序. 运行Delphi7,选择菜单File-->New-->Other--->Service Application.将生成一个服务程序的框架.将工程保存为ServiceDemo.dpr和Unit_Main.pas,然后回到主框架.我们注意到,Service有几个属性.其中以下几个是我们比较常用的: (1)DisplayName:服务的显示名称 (2)Name:服务名称. 我们在这里将DisplayName的值改为"Delphi服务演示程序",Name改为"DelphiService".编译这个项目,将得到 ServiceDemo.exe.这已经是一个服务程序了!进入CMD模式,切换致工程所在目录,运行命令"ServiceDemo.exe /install",将提示服务安装成功!然后"net start DelphiService"将启动这个服务.进入控制面版-->管理工具-->服务,将显示这个服务和当前状态.不过这个服务现在什么也干不了,因为我们还没有写代码:)先"net stop DelphiService"停止再"ServiceDemo.exe /uninstall"删除这个服务.回到Delphi7的IDE. 我们的计划是为这个服务添加一个主窗口,运行后任务栏显示程序的图标,双击图标将显示主窗口,上面有一个按钮,点击该按钮将实现Ctrl+Alt+Del功能. 实际上,服务程序莫认是工作于Winlogon桌面的,可以打开控制面板,查看我们刚才那个服务的属性-->登陆,其中"允许服务与桌面交互 "是不打钩的.怎么办?呵呵,回到IDE,注意那个布尔属性:Interactive,当这个属性为True的时候,该服务程序就可以与桌面交互了. File-->New-->Form为服务添加窗口FrmMain,单元保存为Unit_FrmMain,并且把这个窗口设置为手工创建.完成后的代码如下: unit Unit_Main; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, SvcMgr, Dialogs, Unit_FrmMain; type TDelphiService = class(TService) procedure ServiceContinue(Sender: TService; var Continued: Boolean); procedure ServiceExecute(Sender: TService); procedure ServicePause(Sender: TService; var Paused: Boolean); procedure ServiceShutdown(Sender: TService); procedure ServiceStart(Sender: TService; var Started: Boolean); procedure ServiceStop(Sender: TService; var Stopped: Boolean); private { Private declarations } public function GetServiceController: TServiceController; override; { Public declarations } end; var DelphiService: TDelphiService; FrmMain: TFrmMain; implementation {$R *.DFM} procedure ServiceController(CtrlCode: DWord); stdcall; begin DelphiService.Controller(CtrlCode); end; function TDelphiService.GetServiceController: TServiceController; begin Result := ServiceController; end; procedure TDelphiService.ServiceContinue(Sender: TService; var Continued: Boolean); begin while not Terminated do begin Sleep(10); ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(False); end; end; procedure TDelphiService.ServiceExecute(Sender: TService); begin while not Terminated do begin Sleep(10); ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(False); end; end; procedure TDelphiService.ServicePause(Sender: TService; var Paused: Boolean); begin Paused := True; end; procedure TDelphiService.ServiceShutdown(Sender: TService); begin gbCanClose := true; FrmMain.Free; Status := csStopped; ReportStatus(); end; procedure TDelphiService.ServiceStart(Sender: TService; var Started: Boolean); begin Started := True; Svcmgr.Application.CreateForm(TFrmMain, FrmMain); gbCanClose := False; FrmMain.Hide; end; procedure TDelphiService.ServiceStop(Sender: TService; var Stopped: Boolean); begin Stopped := True; gbCanClose := True; FrmMain.Free; end; end. |