使用Python处理XML

1．解析XML文件

使用Python单纯解析XML的最基本的方法就是直接使用Python自带的minidom库。

比如有如下XML文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root>
	<singlenode>This is a single node</singlenode>
	<multinode>This is first one</multinode>
	<multinode>This is second one</multinode>
	<multinode>This is third one</multinode>
	<complexNode name="complex">
		<childnode>This is a child node</childnode>
	</complexNode>
</root>

 

使用如下代码获取里面每一项内容：

from xml.dom import minidom

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        xmldoc = minidom.parse("test.xml")
        
        singleNode = xmldoc.getElementsByTagName("singlenode")[0]                
        print("Data of singleNode: %s"%(singleNode.firstChild.data))
        
        multiNodes = xmldoc.getElementsByTagName("multinode")
        for multiNode in multiNodes:
            print("Data of multiNode: %s"%(multiNode.firstChild.data))

        complexNode = xmldoc.getElementsByTagName("complexNode")[0]
        print("The name attribute of complexNode: %s"%(complexNode.getAttribute("name")))
        
        childNode = complexNode.getElementsByTagName("childnode")[0]
        print("Data of childNode: %s"%(childNode.firstChild.data))
    except:
        print("Error: Parse XML file failed.")

 

输出结果如下：

Data of multiNode: This is second one

Data of multiNode: This is third one

The name attribute of complexNode: ComplexNode

Data of childNode: This is a child node

 

2．生成与保存XML文件

同样可以直接使用Python自带的库来生成和保存XML文件。比如要生成上例使用的XML文件：

from xml.dom import minidom
import codecs

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #generate new XMLDoc
    impl = minidom.getDOMImplementation()
    newdoc = impl.createDocument(None, "root", None)
    rootNode = newdoc.documentElement
    
    singleNode = newdoc.createElement("singlenode")
    singleNode.appendChild(newdoc.createTextNode("This is a single node"))
    rootNode.appendChild(singleNode)
    
    multipleNodeTexts = ["This is first one", "This is second one", "This is third one"]
    for multipleNodeText in multipleNodeTexts:
        multipleNode = newdoc.createElement("multinode")
        multipleNode.appendChild(newdoc.createTextNode(multipleNodeText))
        rootNode.appendChild(multipleNode)
    
    complexNode = newdoc.createElement("complexNode")
    rootNode.appendChild(complexNode)
    complexNode.setAttribute("name", "ComplexNode")
    
    childNode = newdoc.createElement("childnode")
    childNode.appendChild(newdoc.createTextNode("This is a child node"))
    complexNode.appendChild(childNode)
    
    #Save this XML to file
    result_file = open("result.xml", 'wb+')
    writer = codecs.lookup('utf-8')[3](result_file)
    newdoc.writexml(writer, encoding='utf-8')
    writer.close()
    

 

3.运用XSL

运用XSL和后面要介绍的通过XMLSchema来进行校验都需要使用第三方库了。这里介绍的是一个比较流行的开源库libxml2，这是一个C库，我们使用这个库的python binding（当然也可以使用Python直接调用C接口）。

使用如下代码可以使用test.xsl为test.xml文件作转换，并将结果保存到test.html文件里面：

import libxml2
import libxslt

if __name__ == '__main__':
    styledoc = libxml2.parseFile("test.xsl")
    style = libxslt.parseStylesheetDoc(styledoc)
    doc = libxml2.parseFile("test.xml")
    result = style.applyStylesheet(doc, None)
    style.saveResultToFilename("test.html", result, 0)
    style.freeStylesheet()
    doc.freeDoc()
    result.freeDoc()    

 

4. 通过XMLSchema来对XML文件进行校验

如下代码使用test.xsd来对test.xml文件进行校验：

import sys
import libxml2

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #Parse xml file
    try:
        doc = libxml2.readFile("test.xml", None, libxml2.XML_PARSE_HUGE)
    except:
        print("The xml file is invalid")
        sys.exit()
    
    #Parse schema
    schema = None
    try:
        ctxt = libxml2.schemaNewParserCtxt("test.xsd")
        schema = ctxt.schemaParse()
        del ctxt
    except:
        print("Error: Parse schema failed")
        doc.freeDoc()
        sys.exit()

    validationCtxt = schema.schemaNewValidCtxt()
    instance_Err = validationCtxt.schemaValidateDoc(doc)
    del validationCtxt
    del schema
        
    doc.freeDoc()

    if instance_Err != 0:
        print("The XML file is not valid")
    else:
        print("The XML file is valid")

 

附录：

Libxml2的python binding

http://www.xmlsoft.org/python.html