字符设备（一）最简单的字符设备（一）

1.引言

我们平时使用linux有时会用到zero null这两个字符设备，其实还有几个重要的字符设备，下面我就把这几个字符设备代码大致介绍下，作为内核源码阅读的开始。

2.字符设备的定义dirvers/char/mem.c

static const struct memdev {
	const char *name;
	mode_t mode;
	const struct file_operations *fops;
	struct backing_dev_info *dev_info;
} devlist[] = {
	 [1] = { "mem", 0, &mem_fops, &directly_mappable_cdev_bdi },
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVKMEM
	 [2] = { "kmem", 0, &kmem_fops, &directly_mappable_cdev_bdi },
#endif
	 [3] = { "null", 0666, &null_fops, NULL },
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
	 [4] = { "port", 0, &port_fops, NULL },
#endif
	 [5] = { "zero", 0666, &zero_fops, &zero_bdi },
	 [7] = { "full", 0666, &full_fops, NULL },
	 [8] = { "random", 0666, &random_fops, NULL },
	 [9] = { "urandom", 0666, &urandom_fops, NULL },
	[11] = { "kmsg", 0, &kmsg_fops, NULL },
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
	[12] = { "oldmem", 0, &oldmem_fops, NULL },
#endif
};

3.注册设备

static struct class *mem_class;

static int __init chr_dev_init(void)
{
	int minor;
	int err;

	err = bdi_init(&zero_bdi);
	if (err)
		return err;

	if (register_chrdev(MEM_MAJOR,"mem",&memory_fops))
		printk("unable to get major %d for memory devs\n", MEM_MAJOR);

	mem_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "mem");
	mem_class->devnode = mem_devnode;
	for (minor = 1; minor < ARRAY_SIZE(devlist); minor++) {
		if (!devlist[minor].name)
			continue;
		device_create(mem_class, NULL, MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR, minor),
			      NULL, devlist[minor].name);
	}

	return 0;
}

fs_initcall(chr_dev_init);

其中有涉及到知识的内容我会在专门的文章进行汇总介绍。比如fs_initcall

4. file operations

static const struct file_operations mem_fops = {
	.llseek		= memory_lseek,
	.read		= read_mem,
	.write		= write_mem,
	.mmap		= mmap_mem,
	.open		= open_mem,
	.get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_DEVKMEM
static const struct file_operations kmem_fops = {
	.llseek		= memory_lseek,
	.read		= read_kmem,
	.write		= write_kmem,
	.mmap		= mmap_kmem,
	.open		= open_kmem,
	.get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
};
#endif

static const struct file_operations null_fops = {
	.llseek		= null_lseek,
	.read		= read_null,
	.write		= write_null,
	.splice_write	= splice_write_null,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
static const struct file_operations port_fops = {
	.llseek		= memory_lseek,
	.read		= read_port,
	.write		= write_port,
	.open		= open_port,
};
#endif

static const struct file_operations zero_fops = {
	.llseek		= zero_lseek,
	.read		= read_zero,
	.write		= write_zero,
	.mmap		= mmap_zero,
};

/*
 * capabilities for /dev/zero
 * - permits private mappings, "copies" are taken of the source of zeros
 * - no writeback happens
 */
static struct backing_dev_info zero_bdi = {
	.name		= "char/mem",
	.capabilities	= BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY | BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK,
};

static const struct file_operations full_fops = {
	.llseek		= full_lseek,
	.read		= read_full,
	.write		= write_full,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
static const struct file_operations oldmem_fops = {
	.read	= read_oldmem,
	.open	= open_oldmem,
};
#endif

函数的实现我会在下一小节进行介绍