Part two:tkinter学习笔记
根据上面学习笔记二中最后的实例，我们接下来添加在Label框架中添加标签，相应代码如下：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
win = tk.Tk()
win.title("Python GUI Notes")
# Disable resizeing the GUI by passing in False/False
# win.resizable(False,False)
colors = ["Blue","Gold","Red"]
def click_me():
btn.configure(text='Hello '+ name.get()+' '+number_chose.get())
def radCall():
radSel = radVar.get()
if radSel == 0: win.configure(background=colors[0])
elif radSel == 1: win.configure(background=colors[1])
elif radSel == 2: win.configure(background=colors[2])
pass
label1=ttk.Label(win,text="Enter a name:").grid(row=0,column=0)
label2=ttk.Label(win,text="Choose a number:").grid(row=0,column=1)
# Adding a Text box Entry widget
name = tk.StringVar()
name_entered = ttk.Entry(win,width=12,textvariable=name)
name_entered.grid(row=1,column=0)
number = tk.StringVar()
number_chose = ttk.Combobox(win,width=12,textvariable=number)
number_chose['values'] = (1,2,4,42,56,100)
number_chose.grid(row=1,column=1)
number_chose.current(0)
# name_entered.focus()
btn = ttk.Button(win,text="Click me!",command=click_me)
btn.grid(row=1,column=2)
# Create three checkbuttons
chVarDis = tk.StringVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="Disabled",variable=chVarDis,state='disabled')
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky=tk.W)
chVarUn = tk.IntVar()
check2 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="UnChecked",variable=chVarUn)
check2.deselect()
check2.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky=tk.W)
chVarEn = tk.IntVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="Enable",variable=chVarEn)
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=2,sticky=tk.W)
# Radiobutton
radVar = tk.IntVar()
radVar.set(99)
for col in range(3):
radbtn=tk.Radiobutton(win,text=colors[col],variable=radVar,value=col,command=radCall)
radbtn.grid(row=3,column=col,sticky=tk.W)
# Create a container to hold labels
btn_frame = ttk.Labelframe(win,text='Label in a Frame')
btn_frame.grid(row=4,column=0)
# Place labels into the container element
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label1').grid(row=0,column=0,sticky=tk.W)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label2').grid(row=0,column=1,sticky=tk.W)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label3').grid(row=0,column=2,sticky=tk.W)
# Start the GUI
win.mainloop()
代码运行后的效果如下：
对于上面的标签框架，我们发现标签之间的距离很近，非常影响美观，这是就要用到了grid() 的其他参数，只有认真理解 grid() 的各个参数，才能将自己的界面设计的更加漂亮，关于grid()的各个参数可参考：grid()参数介绍；相应的代码如下：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
win = tk.Tk()
win.title("Python GUI Notes")
# Disable resizeing the GUI by passing in False/False
# win.resizable(False,False)
colors = ["Blue","Gold","Red"]
def click_me():
btn.configure(text='Hello '+ name.get()+' '+number_chose.get())
def radCall():
radSel = radVar.get()
if radSel == 0: win.configure(background=colors[0])
elif radSel == 1: win.configure(background=colors[1])
elif radSel == 2: win.configure(background=colors[2])
pass
label1=ttk.Label(win,text="Enter a name:").grid(row=0,column=0)
label2=ttk.Label(win,text="Choose a number:").grid(row=0,column=1)
# Adding a Text box Entry widget
name = tk.StringVar()
name_entered = ttk.Entry(win,width=12,textvariable=name)
name_entered.grid(row=1,column=0)
number = tk.StringVar()
number_chose = ttk.Combobox(win,width=12,textvariable=number)
number_chose['values'] = (1,2,4,42,56,100)
number_chose.grid(row=1,column=1)
number_chose.current(0)
# name_entered.focus()
btn = ttk.Button(win,text="Click me!",command=click_me)
btn.grid(row=1,column=2)
# Create three checkbuttons
chVarDis = tk.StringVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="Disabled",variable=chVarDis,state='disabled')
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky=tk.W)
chVarUn = tk.IntVar()
check2 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="UnChecked",variable=chVarUn)
check2.deselect()
check2.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky=tk.W)
chVarEn = tk.IntVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="Enable",variable=chVarEn)
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=2,sticky=tk.W)
# Radiobutton
radVar = tk.IntVar()
radVar.set(99)
for col in range(3):
radbtn=tk.Radiobutton(win,text=colors[col],variable=radVar,value=col,command=radCall)
radbtn.grid(row=3,column=col,sticky=tk.W)
# Create a container to hold labels
btn_frame = ttk.Labelframe(win,text='Label in a Frame')
btn_frame.grid(row=4,column=0,padx=20,pady=40)
# Place labels into the container element
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label1').grid(row=0,column=0)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label2').grid(row=0,column=1)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label3').grid(row=0,column=2)
for child in btn_frame.winfo_children():
child.grid_configure(padx=8,pady=4)
# Start the GUI
win.mainloop()
代码运行后的界面如下：
接下来在上述界面添加目录组件，相应代码如下：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import Menu
win = tk.Tk()
win.title("Python GUI Notes")
# Disable resizeing the GUI by passing in False/False
# win.resizable(False,False)
colors = ["Blue","Gold","Red"]
def quit():
win.quit()
win.destroy()
exit()
def click_me():
btn.configure(text='Hello '+ name.get()+' '+number_chose.get())
def radCall():
radSel = radVar.get()
if radSel == 0: win.configure(background=colors[0])
elif radSel == 1: win.configure(background=colors[1])
elif radSel == 2: win.configure(background=colors[2])
pass
# Creating a Menu Bar
menu_bar = Menu(win)
win.config(menu=menu_bar)
# Add menu items
file_menu = Menu(menu_bar,tearoff=0)
file_menu.add_command(label="New")
file_menu.add_separator()
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit",command=quit)
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="File",menu=file_menu)
# Create another menu and add menu items
help_menu = Menu(menu_bar,tearoff=0)
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Help",menu=help_menu)
help_menu.add_command(label="About")
label1=ttk.Label(win,text="Enter a name:").grid(row=0,column=0)
label2=ttk.Label(win,text="Choose a number:").grid(row=0,column=1)
# Adding a Text box Entry widget
name = tk.StringVar()
name_entered = ttk.Entry(win,width=12,textvariable=name)
name_entered.grid(row=1,column=0)
number = tk.StringVar()
number_chose = ttk.Combobox(win,width=12,textvariable=number)
number_chose['values'] = (1,2,4,42,56,100)
number_chose.grid(row=1,column=1)
number_chose.current(0)
# name_entered.focus()
btn = ttk.Button(win,text="Click me!",command=click_me)
btn.grid(row=1,column=2)
# Create three checkbuttons
chVarDis = tk.StringVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="Disabled",variable=chVarDis,state='disabled')
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky=tk.W)
chVarUn = tk.IntVar()
check2 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="UnChecked",variable=chVarUn)
check2.deselect()
check2.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky=tk.W)
chVarEn = tk.IntVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(win,text="Enable",variable=chVarEn)
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=2,sticky=tk.W)
# Radiobutton
radVar = tk.IntVar()
radVar.set(99)
for col in range(3):
radbtn=tk.Radiobutton(win,text=colors[col],variable=radVar,value=col,command=radCall)
radbtn.grid(row=3,column=col,sticky=tk.W)
# Create a container to hold labels
btn_frame = ttk.Labelframe(win,text='Label in a Frame')
btn_frame.grid(row=4,column=0,padx=20,pady=40)
# Place labels into the container element
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label1').grid(row=0,column=0)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label2').grid(row=0,column=1)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label3').grid(row=0,column=2)
for child in btn_frame.winfo_children():
child.grid_configure(padx=8,pady=4)
# Start the GUI
win.mainloop()
代码运行后的结果如下：
接下来利用ttk中的笔记本(notebook())组件结合选项卡，利用Frame创建多个界面相应代码如下：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import Menu
win = tk.Tk()
win.title("Python GUI Notes")
# Disable resizeing the GUI by passing in False/False
# win.resizable(False,False)
colors = ["Blue","Gold","Red"]
def quit():
win.quit()
win.destroy()
exit()
def click_me():
btn.configure(text='Hello '+ name.get()+' '+number_chose.get())
def radCall():
radSel = radVar.get()
if radSel == 0: mighty2.configure(background=colors[0])
elif radSel == 1: mighty2.configure(background=colors[1])
elif radSel == 2: mighty2.configure(background=colors[2])
pass
tabControl = ttk.Notebook(win)
tab1 = ttk.Frame(tabControl)
tabControl.add(tab1,text='Tab 1')
tab2 = ttk.Frame(tabControl)
tabControl.add(tab2,text='Tab 2')
tabControl.pack(expand=1,fill="both")
#LabelFrame using tab1 as the parent
mighty = ttk.Labelframe(tab1,text=' Mighty Python')
mighty.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=8,pady=4)
# Label using mighty as the parent
a_label = ttk.Label(mighty,text="Enter a name:")
a_label.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky='W')
# Add another label
ttk.Label(mighty,text="Choose a number:").grid(row=0,column=1)
# Add some space around each label
for child in mighty.winfo_children():
child.grid_configure(padx=8)
# Another tab2
mighty2 = ttk.Labelframe(tab2,text='The Snake')
mighty2.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=8,pady=4)
# Creating a Menu Bar
menu_bar = Menu(win)
win.config(menu=menu_bar)
# Add menu items
file_menu = Menu(menu_bar,tearoff=0)
file_menu.add_command(label="New")
file_menu.add_separator()
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit",command=quit)
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="File",menu=file_menu)
# Create another menu and add menu items
help_menu = Menu(menu_bar,tearoff=0)
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Help",menu=help_menu)
help_menu.add_command(label="About")
label1=ttk.Label(mighty2,text="Enter a name:").grid(row=0,column=0)
label2=ttk.Label(mighty2,text="Choose a number:").grid(row=0,column=1)
# Adding a Text box Entry widget
name = tk.StringVar()
name_entered = ttk.Entry(mighty2,width=12,textvariable=name)
name_entered.grid(row=1,column=0)
number = tk.StringVar()
number_chose = ttk.Combobox(mighty2,width=12,textvariable=number)
number_chose['values'] = (1,2,4,42,56,100)
number_chose.grid(row=1,column=1)
number_chose.current(0)
# name_entered.focus()
btn = ttk.Button(mighty2,text="Click me!",command=click_me)
btn.grid(row=1,column=2)
# Create three checkbuttons
chVarDis = tk.StringVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(mighty2,text="Disabled",variable=chVarDis,state='disabled')
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky=tk.W)
chVarUn = tk.IntVar()
check2 = tk.Checkbutton(mighty2,text="UnChecked",variable=chVarUn)
check2.deselect()
check2.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky=tk.W)
chVarEn = tk.IntVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(mighty2,text="Enable",variable=chVarEn)
check1.select()
check1.grid(row=2,column=2,sticky=tk.W)
# Radiobutton
radVar = tk.IntVar()
radVar.set(99)
for col in range(3):
radbtn=tk.Radiobutton(mighty2,text=colors[col],variable=radVar,value=col,command=radCall)
radbtn.grid(row=3,column=col,sticky=tk.W)
# Create a container to hold labels
btn_frame = ttk.Labelframe(mighty2,text='Label in a Frame')
btn_frame.grid(row=4,column=0,padx=20,pady=40)
# Place labels into the container element
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label1').grid(row=0,column=0)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label2').grid(row=0,column=1)
ttk.Label(btn_frame,text='Label3').grid(row=0,column=2)
for child in btn_frame.winfo_children():
child.grid_configure(padx=8,pady=4)
# Start the GUI
win.mainloop()
代码运行后的界面如图所示：
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