C++ explicit

explicit  MSDN

C++ ctors (constructors) that have just one parameter automatically perform implicit type conversion. For example, if you pass an int when the ctor expects a string pointer parameter, the compiler adds the code it must have to convert the int to a string pointer. However, this automatic behavior can cause errors. 

To prevent implicit conversions, you can add the explicit keyword to the ctor declaration. This forces the code to either use a parameter of the correct type, or cast the parameter to the correct type. That is, if the cast is not explicitly expressed in code, an error will result.

当类的构造函数只有一个参数时，赋值操作会执行隐式的类型轮换，如下：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class TestClass {
public:
	TestClass(int *_p): _point(_p) {
		cout<<"TestClass Constructor"<<endl;
		cout<<"point: "<<(int)_point<<endl;
	}
private:
	int *_point;
};

int main()
{
    TestClass testA = (int*)0x7;
	return 0;
}

输出：

TestClass Constructor
point: 7

为了避免这样的问题，修改构造函数变为

explict TestClass(int *_p): _point(_p)

编译将会报错：error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'int *' to 'TestClass' Constructor for class 'TestClass' is declared 'explicit'