Round A APAC Test 2016 Problem A. Googol String

Round A APAC Test 2016 Problem A. Googol String

Problem

A "0/1 string" is a string in which every character is either 0 or 1. There are two operations that can be performed on a 0/1 string:

• switch: Every 0 becomes 1 and every 1 becomes 0. For example, "100" becomes "011".
• reverse: The string is reversed. For example, "100" becomes "001".

Consider this infinite sequence of 0/1 strings:
S0 = ""
S1 = "0"
S2 = "001"
S3 = "0010011"
S4 = "001001100011011"
SN = SN-1 + "0" + switch(reverse(SN-1)).

You need to figure out the Kth character of Sgoogol, where googol = 10100.

完整题目可以去别的地方找，我的解法如下：

<pre name="code" class="cpp">cin >> k;
if (!(k& k - 1))
	k = 0;
else
{
	while (k > 0 && ((k & 0x01) == 0))
		k >>= 1;
	k >>= 1;
	k &= 0x01;
}
cout << k;

设位置k的字符是B[k]，k从1开始

B[k]以下性质

1. 处在2次幂位置的数必定为0

2. 如果k是偶数，B[k]=B[k/2]

3. 如果k是奇数，k=2i+1，B[k]=i%2

下面简单证明下这三个性质